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Sol–gel based Cd(II)-doped In2O3 transparent conducting thin film on glass

  • Original Paper: Sol-Gel and Hybrid Materials for Optical, Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications
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Abstract

Precursor sols of cadmium-doped indium oxide system with different dopant concentrations (In:Cd = 99:1–90:10) have been prepared from the corresponding metal salt solutions in alcoholic medium. Films are deposited on glass by sol–gel dipping process. The XRD study of the air cured films reveals formation of both bixbyite phase of indium oxide and cubic phase of cadmium oxide. From the FESEM analysis of film surface, line defects are identified for low dopant concentration. Particle size of the film materials processed under differential partial pressures of oxygen gas is determined. The TEM image of the lowest dopant concentration (In:Cd = 99:1) sample exhibits cluster dimension ~24 nm. HRTEM identifies the formation of screw dislocations. Sheet resistance was recorded as 800–1000 kΩ/□ for the lowest dopant concentration (In:Cd = 99:1). Evidence for highly transparent feebly conducting films is produced. On Cd doping, formation of interstitial solid solution instead of substitutional solid solution has been predicted. Band gap of the doped system has been evaluated from their absorption spectra. Photoluminescence study explores major oxide defects in the film material.

Graphical Abstract

Magnified view of HRTEM image of ICO-1 particles cured at 500 °C for 1 h. in air showing distorted lattice lines, a screw dislocation (marked arrow head).

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Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge the Director of CSIR-CGRI for providing instrumental facilities for the preparation of films and some characterizations. Authors also acknowledge Dr. Laxmikanta Dua, Salkia Hindu High School, Unit-2, Howrah, WB for sharing his knowledge on the photoluminescence properties of semiconductor films. One of the authors (SSG) gives special thanks to CSIR-HRDG for offering him fellowship (CSIR-SRF).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 032, India

    S. S. Ghosh & S. Neogi

  2. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India

    P. K. Biswas

Authors
  1. S. S. Ghosh
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  2. S. Neogi
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  3. P. K. Biswas
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. K. Biswas.

Additional information

Major work was executed at CSIR-CGCRI, Kolkata-700032, India in collaboration with the School of Energy Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.

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Ghosh, S.S., Neogi, S. & Biswas, P.K. Sol–gel based Cd(II)-doped In2O3 transparent conducting thin film on glass. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 78, 195–206 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3936-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3936-5

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