Abstract
Nickel/nickel oxide (Ni/NiO) nanocomposite was synthesized by simple sol–gel process by using nickel nitrate as a precursor and citric acid as a gelling agent. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer studies. The influence of citric acid on the formation of Ni/NiO composition was primarily studied by varying the mole ratios of nickel nitrate and citric acid ((N:C) : 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 and 1:8). The XRD studies confirmed that the synthesized samples had a mixture of Ni and NiO or single phase of NiO. The SEM observations confirmed that the composites were spherical in shape with an average size of about 70 nm for 1:1 mole ratio and about 40 nm for 1:8 mole ratio samples. At lower N:C mole ratios, the obtained samples had mixture of ferromagnetic Ni and NiO, while at high N:C mole ratios, the sample consisted of almost single phase of NiO. The formation of ferromagnetic Ni was attributed to reduction of some amount of NiO by residual carbon.
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Acknowledgments
Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, New Delhi, is acknowledged for the financial support for the Fast-Track Grant (DST/FT/CS-64/2010). We extend our gratitude to CSIR-CECRI at Karaikudi and Chennai, and Central Instrumentation Facility - Pondicherry University for XRD and SEM measurements.
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Mahendraprabhu, K., Elumalai, P. Influence of citric acid on formation of Ni/NiO nanocomposite by sol–gel synthesis. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 73, 428–433 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3554-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-014-3554-7