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Raman study of the variation in anatase structure of TiO2 nanopowders due to the changes of sol–gel synthesis conditions

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Abstract

TiO2 nanopowders were produced by sol–gel technique under different synthesis conditions. XRD results have shown that obtained nanopowders are in anatase phase, with the presence of a small amount of highly disordered brookite phase, whereas nanocrystallite size and amount of brookite slightly depend on sol–gel synthesis conditions. Raman measurements confirm these results. The analyses of the shift and width of the most intensive anatase E g Raman mode by phonon confinement model suggest that anatase crystallite size should be in the range between 11 and 15 nm, what is in excellent correlation with XRD results. Obtained results have shown that Raman spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for the estimation of anatase crystallite size as well as brookite content in TiO2 nanopowders synthesized by variable sol–gel synthesis conditions.

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Abbreviations

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

PCM:

Phonon confinement model

JCPDS:

Joint committee on powder diffraction standards

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Acknowledgement

Authors express thanks to Mirjana Grujić-Brojčin for the original software solutions which enabled the application of the PCM for numerical simulation of Raman spectra of investigated samples. Authors are also grateful to Toma Radić and Marko Radović for their help during AFM measurements. This work is supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science under project no. 141047, the OPSA-026283 project within the AC FP6 programme and SASA project F-134.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics, Pregrevica 118, P.O. Box 68, 11080, Zemun, Serbia

    A. Golubović, M. Šćepanović, S. Aškrabić, V. Berec, Z. Dohčević-Mitrović & Z. V. Popović

  2. Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Djušina 7, P.O. Box 162, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    A. Kremenović

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  1. A. Golubović
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  2. M. Šćepanović
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Correspondence to A. Golubović.

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Golubović, A., Šćepanović, M., Kremenović, A. et al. Raman study of the variation in anatase structure of TiO2 nanopowders due to the changes of sol–gel synthesis conditions. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 49, 311–319 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1872-3

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