Abstract
Some areas around the world have anomalies with high natural radiation that may affect public health due to chronic-low-dose radiation exposure. In the paper, we summarized several studies that find Mamuju, Indonesia, a unique high natural radiation area. The majority of the relevant papers are about monitoring, main sources, and influential factors for the enhancement of radon and dose assessments. Under these circumstances, the Mamuju region is regarded as a promising area for conducting epidemiological studies, and it will provide a unique opportunity for improving and expanding low-dose-rate data on human health effects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
UNSCEAR (2010) United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2008 Report to the General Assembly: Annex B Exposures of the Public and Workers from Various Sources of Radiation, United Nation Publication, New York
UNSCEAR (2017) United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation: sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation, UNSCEAR 2017, vol I, ANNEX B: epidemiological studies of cancer risk due to low-dose-rate radiation from environmental sources, United Nation Publication, New York
Omori Y, Tokonami S, Sahoo SK et al (2017) Radiation dose due to radon and thoron progeny inhalation in high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India. J Radiol Prot 37:111–126. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/37/1/111
Hosoda M, Tokonami S, Omori Y et al (2015) Estimation of external dose by car-borne survey in Kerala, India. PLoS ONE 10:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124433
Kudo H, Tokonami S, Omori Y et al (2015) Comparative dosimetry for radon and thoron in high background radiation areas in China. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 167:155–159. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv235
Chandran Geetha A, Sreedharan H (2016) Review on studies in high background radiation areas (HBRAs) of various parts of the world. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 3:163–169
Mubarak F, Fayez-Hassan M, Mansour NA et al (2017) Radiological investigation of high background radiation areas. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15201-2
Syaeful H, Sukadana IG, Sumaryanto A (2014) Radiometric mapping for naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) assessment in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. Atom Indones. https://doi.org/10.17146/aij.2014.263
Sukadana IG, Harijoko A, Setijadji LD (2015) Tectonic setting of adang volcanic complex in Mamuju Region, West Sulawesi Province. Eksplorium. https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2015.36.1.2769
Muawanah FR, Priadi B, Widodo W et al (2019) Mobilitas uranium pada endapan sedimen sungai aktif di daerah Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat. Eksplorium 39:95. https://doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2018.39.2.4953
Sukadana IG, Syaeful H, Indrastomo FD et al (2016) Identification of mineralization type and specific radioactive minerals in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. J East China Univ Technol 39:39–48
Rosianna I, Nugraha ED, Syaeful H et al (2020) Natural radioactivity of laterite and volcanic rock sample for radioactive mineral exploration in Mamuju, Indonesia. Geosciences 10:376. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090376
Nurokhim K, Pudjadi E (2020) Assessment of natural radioactivity levels in soil sample from Botteng Utara Village, Mamuju Regency Indonesia. J Phys Conf Ser. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1436/1/012139
Nugraha ED, Hosoda M, Kusdiana et al Comprehensive exposure assessments from the viewpoint of health in a unique high natural background radiation area, Mamuju, Indonesia. Sci Rep 11:14578 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93983-2
Shilfa SN, Jumpeno BYEB, Nurokhim K (2020) Ambient dose measurement from high natural background radiation (HNBR) in Botteng Utara Village, Mamuju-Indonesia. J Phys Conf Ser 1436:012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1436/1/012027
Hosoda M, Nugraha ED, Akata N et al (2021) A unique high natural background radiation area—dose assessment and perspectives. Sci Total Environ 750:142346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142346
Nugraha ED, Hosoda M, Winarni ID et al (2020) Dose assessment of radium-226 in drinking water from mamuju, a high background radiation area of Indonesia. Radiat Environ Med 9:79–83
Saputra MA, Nugraha ED, Purwanti T et al (2020) Exposures from radon, thoron, and thoron progeny in high background radiation area in Takandeang, Mamuju, Indonesia. Nukleonika 65:89–94. https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0013
Indonesia (1997) Republic of Indonesia Nuclear Law, Indonesia
Indonesia (2007) Safety of ionizing radiation and radioactive sources
BATAN (2014) Environmental gamma radiation dose rates map in Indonesia. Jakarta. http://sadarlingkungan.batan.go.id/berkas/kti/makalah//M_PTKMR_RE_0_KTINasionalDalamBentukBuku_PTKMR-BATAN_PetaPaparanRadiasiGammaIndonesia_210529192004.pdf
BPS (2019) Mamuju regency in Figures 2018, Mamuju
Alatas Z, Lusiyanti Y et al (2012) Cytogenetic response of the residents of high natural radiation area in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. J Sains dan Teknol Nukl Indones. https://doi.org/10.17146/jstni.2012.13.1.932
Tokonami S, Takahashi H, Kobayashi Y et al (2005) Up-to-date radon-thoron discriminative detector for a large scale survey. Rev Sci Instrum. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2132270
Tokonami S (2020) Characteristics of thoron (220Rn) and its progeny in the indoor environment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:8769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238769
Zeeb H, Shannoun F, World Health Organization (2009) WHO handbook on indoor radon: a public health perspective. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44149
Tokonami S (2018) Some thought on new dose conversion factors for radon progeny inhalation. Jpn J Heal Phys. https://doi.org/10.5453/jhps.53.282
Tamakuma Y, Kranrod C, Suzuki T et al (2020) Passive-type radon monitor constructed using a small container for personal dosimetry. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165660
ICRP (2007) The 2007 recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection. ICRP publication 103. Elsevier B.V., Oxford, UK
Nugraha ED, Wahyudi K, Iskandar D (2019) Radon concentrations in dwelling of south KALIMANTAN, Indonesia. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz089
Omori Y, Tamakuma Y, Nugraha ED et al (2020) Impact of wind speed on response of diffusion-type radon-thoron detectors to thoron. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093178
World Health Organization, Water, Sanitation and Health Team (2004) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, vol 1, recommendations, 3rd edn. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42852
World Health Organization (2018) Management of radioactivity in drinking-water. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272995. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
USEPA (1999) Environmental protection agency 40 CFR parts 141 and 142, national primary drinking water regulations; Radon-222; proposed rule, Washingtong DC, USA
Nugraha ED, Hosoda M, Mellawati J et al (2021) Radon activity concentrations in natural hot spring water: dose assessment and health perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030920
IAEA (2016) Criteria for radionuclide activity concentrations for food and drinking water, Vienna
Mohanty AK, Sengupta D, Das SK et al (2004) Natural radioactivity in the newly discovered high background radiation area on the eastern coast of Orissa, India. Radiat Meas 38:153–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2003.08.003
Omori Y, Tokonami S, Ishikawa T et al (2015) A pilot study for dose evaluation in high-level natural radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 306:317–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4286-z
Wei LX, Yuan YL (1998) Problems concerning dose assessments in epidemiology of high background radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 77:113–117. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032281
Hendry JH, Simon SL, Wojcik A et al (2009) Human exposure to high natural background radiation: What can it teach us about radiation risks? J Radiol Prot 29:A29. https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/29/2A/S03
Boice JD, Hendry JH, Nakamura N et al (2010) Low-dose-rate epidemiology of high background radiation areas. Radiat Res 173:849–854. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr2161.1
Aliyu AS, Ramli AT (2015) The world’s high background natural radiation areas (HBNRAs) revisited: a broad overview of the dosimetric, epidemiological and radiobiological issues. Radiat Meas 73:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.01.007
Anjos RM, Okuno E, Gomes PRS et al (2003) Radioecology teaching: evaluation of the background radiation levels from areas with high concentrations of radionuclides in soil. Eur J Phys 25:133–144. https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/25/2/001
Ghiassi-nejad M, Mortazavi SMJ, Cameron JR et al (2002) Very high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran: preliminary biological studies. Health Phys 82:87–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-200201000-00011
Sohrabi M (2013) World high background natural radiation areas: need to protect public from radiation exposure. Radiat Meas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.03.011
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant No. JP16K15368, JP16H02667, JP18KK0261, JP18K10023, JP20H00556, the Hirosaki University Institutional Research Grant and Indonesia government research grant (DIPA).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nugraha, E.D., Hosoda, M., Tamakuma, Y. et al. A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 330, 1437–1444 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07908-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07908-4