Abstract
Four calculation codes were implemented on experimental data to calculate corrections of common systematic effects within high resolution gamma spectrometry. The detector parameters were sparsely optimized to imitate the usage that can be expected from personnel with limited experience. The transfer of the efficiency from the calibration geometry (60 ml, density 1.0 g/cm3) to 200 ml geometry (density 1.5 g/cm3) failed with all codes, which was discouraging. However, a majority of the other corrected activities deviated with less than 10 % from the reference activity values, even for density corrections or when corrections had been calculated for new source-detector-geometries. Smaller deviations, around 5 % or less, were achieved when corrections were done within the calibrated geometry. This shows a robustness of the calculation codes even if the in-data is not perfectly optimized.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andreev DS, Erokhina KI, Zvonov VS, Lemberg IKh (1973) Determination of ɣ-detection efficiency in energy peaks by means of nuclides having complicated decay scheme in close-geometry conditions. Izv Akad Nauk SSSR Ser Fiz 37(8):1609–1612
Jackman KR, Biegalski SR (2009) Methods and software for predicting germanium detector absolute full-energy peak efficiencies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 279:355–360
Vargas MJ, Timón A, Díaz NC, Sánchez DP (2002) Influence of the geometrical characteristics of an HPGe detector on its efficiency. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 253:439–443
Helmer RG, Hardy JC, Iacob VE, Sanchez-Vega M, Neilson RG, Nelson J (2003) The use of Monte Carlo calculations in the determination of a Ge detector efficiency curve. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 511:360–381
Ródenas J, Pascual A, Zarza I, Serradell V, Ortiz J, Ballesteros L (2003) Analysis of the influence of germanium dead layer on detector calibration simulation for environmental radioactive samples using the Monte Carlo method. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 496:390–399
Maleka PP, Maučec M (2005) Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis of germanium detector response to γ-rays with energies below 1 MeV. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 538:631–639
Johnston P, Hult M, Gasparro J (2006) Cascade summing in close geometry gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 64:1323–1328
Mihaljević N, Dlabač A, Jovanović S (2012) Accounting for detector crystal edge rounding in gamma-efficiency calculations theoretical elaboration and application in ANGLE software. Nucl Tech Rad Prot 27:1
Moens L, De Donder J, Xilei L, De Corte F, De Wispelaere A, Simonts A (1981) Calculation of the absolute peak efficiency of gamma-ray detectors for different counting geometries. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res 187:451–472
Vidmar T, Vodenik B, Nečemer M (2010) Efficiency transfer between extended sources. Appl Radiat Isot 68:2352–2354
Szentmiklósi L, Belgya T, Maróti B, Kis Z (2014) Characterization of HPGe gamma spectrometers by geant4 Monte Carlo simulations. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 300:553–558
Kováčik A, Sýkora I, Povinec PP (2013) Monte Carlo and experimental efficiency calibration of gamma-spectrometers for non-destructive analysis of large volume samples of irregular shapes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 298:665–672
Bossus DAW, Swagten JJJM, Kleinjans PAM (2006) Experience with a factory-calibrated HPGe detector. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 564:650–654
Lépy M-C, Altzitzoglou T, Anagnostakis MJ, Arnold D, Capogni M, Ceccatelli A, De Felice P, Dersch R, Dryak P, Fazio A, Ferreux L, Guardati M, Han J, B, Hurtado S, Karfopoulos KL, Klemola S, Kovar P, Laubenstein M, Lee KB, Ocone R, Ott O, Sima O, Sudar S, Švec A, Chau Van Tao, Tran Thien Thanh, Vidmar T (2010) Intercomparison of methods for coincidence summing corrections in gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 68:1407–1412
Vidmar T, Çelik N, Cornejo Díaz N, Dlabac A, Ewa IOB, Carrazana González JA, Hult M, Jovanović S, Lépy M-C, Mihaljević N, Sima O, Tzika F, Jurado Vargas M, Vasilopoulo T, Vidmar G (2010) Testing efficiency transfer codes for equivalence. Appl Radiat Isot 68:355–359
Vidmar T, Capogni M, Hult M, Hurtado S, Kastlander J, Lutter G, Lépy M-C, Martinkovič J, Ramebäck H, Sima O, Tzika F, Vidmar G (2014) Equivalence of computer codes for calculation of coincidence summing correction factors. Appl Radiat Isot 87:336–341
Plenteda R (2002) A Monte Carlo based virtual gamma spectroscopy laboratory. Ph.D. Thesis. Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Wien
Sima O, Arnold D, Dovlete C (2001) GESPECOR: a versatile tool in gamma-ray spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 248(2):359–364
Jovanović S, Dlabač A, Mihaljević N (2010) ANGLE v2, 1—New versions of the computer code for semiconductor detector gamma-efficiency calculations. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 622:385–391
Vidmar T (2005) EFFTRAN—A Monte Carlo efficiency transfer code for gamma ray spectrometry. Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A 550:603–608
Ramebäck H, Tovedal A, Nygren U, Lagerkvist P, Boson J, Johansson E, Johansson J (2009) Implementing combined uncertainty according to GUM into a commercial gamma spectrometric software. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 282:979–983
Lépy MC, Altzitzoglou T, Arnold D, Bronson F, Capote Noy R, Décombaz M, De Corte F, Edelmaier R, Herrera Peraza E, Klemola S, Korun M, Kralik M, Neder H, Plagnard J, Pommé S, de Sanoit J, Sima O, Ugletveit F, Van Velzen L, Vidmar T (2001) Intercomparison of efficiency transfer software for gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 55:493–503
Sima O, Arnold D (2000) Accurate computation of coincidence summing corrections in low level gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 53:51–56
Sima O, Arnold D (2002) Transfer of the efficiency calibration of Germanium gamma-ray detectors using the GESPECOR software. Appl Radiat Isot 56:71–75
Kessel R, Berglund M, Taylor PDP, Wellum R (2001) How to treat correlations in the uncertainty budget, when combining results from different measurements. S Adv Math 57:231–241
Pereira de Oliveira Junior O, De Bolle W, Alonso A, Richter S, Wellum R, Ponzevera E, Sarkis JES, Kessel R (2010) Int J Mass Spectrom 291:48–54
Vidmar T, Vodenik B (2010) Extended relative method of activity determination. Appl Radiat Isot 68:2421–2424
Vidmar T, Aubineau-Laniece I, Anagnostakis MJD, Arnold Brettner-Messler R, Budjas D, Capogni M, Dias MS, De Geer L-E, Fazio A, Gasparro J, Hult M, Hurtado S, Vargas MJ, Laubenstein M, Lee KB, Lee Y-K, Lépy M-C, Maringer F-J, Medina Peyres V, Mille M, Moralles M, Nour S, Plenteda R, Rubio Montero MP, Sima O, Tomei C, Vidmar G (2008) An intercomparison of Monte Carlo codes used in gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 66:764–768
Xie F, Jiang W, Bai T, Yu G (2014) A study on activity determination of volume sources using point-like standard sources and Monte Carlo simulations. Radiat Phys Chem 103:53–56
Vidmar T, Gasparro J (2009) Crystal rounding and the efficiency transfer method in gamma-ray spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 67:2057–2061
Russ W, Venkataraman R, Bronson F (2005) Validation testing of the genie 2000 cascade summing correction. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 264:193–197
Abbas M, Simonelli F, Alberti FD, Forte M, Stroosnijder MF (2002) Reliability of two calculation codes for efficiency calibration of HPGe detectors. Appl Radiat Isot 56:703–709
Acknowledgments
The Swedish Ministry of defence is greatly acknowledged for funding this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jonsson, S., Vidmar, T. & Ramebäck, H. Implementation of calculation codes in gamma spectrometry measurements for corrections of systematic effects. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303, 1727–1736 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3748-z
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3748-z