Abstract
We measured the isomeric yield ratios for the 44m,gSc isomeric pairs produced from different reaction channels 45Sc(γ,n)44m,gSc and natTi(γ,xnp)44m,gSc by using the activation method and γ-ray spectroscopic methods at 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung energies. The high-purity natural Sc and Ti foils in disc shape were irradiated with uncollimated bremsstrahlung beams generated from an electron linear accelerator at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. The induced activities in the irradiated foils were measured by the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometric system which consists of a high-purity Germanium detector and a multichannel analyzer. In order to improve the accuracy of the experimental results the necessary corrections were made in the γ-ray activity measurements and data analysis. The measured isomeric yield ratios for the 45Sc(γ,n)44m,gSc reaction are 0.20 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.02, and 0.21 ± 0.02 and those for the natTi(γ,xnp)44m,gSc reaction are 0.063 ± 0.012, 0.079 ± 0.014, and 0.124 ± 0.022 at 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung energies, respectively. The obtained results are compared with the corresponding values found in the literature. We observed that the isomeric yield ratios for the 45Sc(γ,n)44m,gSc reaction increase rapidly with the increasing bremsstrahlung energies from the reaction threshold up to giant resonance region, and then those are almost constant in the energy range from about 30 to 2.5 GeV. The isomeric yield ratios for the natTi(γ,xnp)44m,gSc reaction increase with increasing bremsstrahlung energies in a wide range of bremsstrahlung energies from 50 to 2.5 GeV.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Volpel R (1972) Nucl Phys A 182:411
Bartsch H, Huber K, Kneissl U, Krieger H (1976) Nucl Phys A 256:243
Kolev D, Dobreva E, Nenov N, Todorov V (1995) Nucl Instrum Method A 356:390
Haller IB, Rudstam G (1961) J Inorg Nucl Chem 19:1
Kolev D (1998) Appl Radiat Isot 49:989
Huizenga JR, Vandenbosch R (1960) Phys Rev 120:1305
Vandenbosch R, Huizenga R (1960) Phys Rev 120:1313
Bethe HA (1973) Rev Mod Phys 9:84
Bloch C (1954) Phys Rev 93:1094
Le Couteur JK, Lang JM (1959) Nucl Phys 13:32
Birn IG, Strohmaier B, Freiesleben H, Qaim SM (1995) Phys Rev C 52:2546
Kao TH, Alford WL (1975) Nucl Phys A 237:11
Vanska R, Rieppo R (1981) Nucl Instrum Method 179:525
Qaim SM (1972) Nucl Phys A 185:614
Qaim SM (1985) Nucl Phys A 438:284
Nesaraja CD, Sudar S, Qaim SM (2003) Phys Rev C 68:024603
Sarkar R, Bhoraskar VN (1992) Phys Rev C 46:2246
Reyhancan IA, Bostan M, Durusoy A, Elmali A, Baykal A, Ozbir Y (2003) Ann Nucl Energy 30:1539
Mangal SK, Gill PS (1963) Nucl Phys 49:510
Mangal SK, Khurana CS (1965) Nucl Phys 69:158
Ericsson M, Jonsson GG (1975) Nucl Phys A 242:507
Gunther W, Huber K, Kneissel U, Krieger H (1978) Nucl Phys A 297:254
Zheltonozhski VA, Mazur VM (2000) Yad Fiz 63:389
Davidov MG, Magera VG, Trukhov AV, Shomurodov EM (1985) Atom Energy 58:47
Walters WB, Hummel JP (1966) Phys Rev 150:867
Bachschi NM, David P, Debrus J, Lubke F, Mommsen H, Schoenmackers R, Jonsson GG, Lindgren K (1976) Nucl Phys A 264:493
Nguyen VD, Pham DK, Kim TT, Tran DT, Phung VD, Lee YS, Kim GN, Oh Y, Lee HS, Kang H, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W (2007) J Korean Phys Soc 50:417
Nguyen VD, Pham DK, Kim TT, Le TS, Rahman MS, Kim KS, Lee MW, Kim GN, Oh Y, Lee HS, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W (2008) Nucl Instrum Method B 266:5080
Tilbury RS, Yaffe L (1963) Can J Chem 41:2634
Nguyen VD, Pham DK, Tran DT, Phung VD, Lee YS, Lee HS, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W, Meaze AKMMH, Devan K, Kim GN (2006) J Korean Phys Soc 48:382
Rahman MS, Kim KS, Lee MW, Kim GN, Oh Y, Lee HS, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W, Nguyen VD, Pham DK, Kim TT, Ro TI (2010) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 283:519
Nguyen VD, Pham DK, Kim TT, Rahman MS, Kim KS, Kim GN, Lee HS, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W, Ro TI (2010) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 283:683
Kim GN, Lee YS, Skoy V, Kovalchuck V, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W, Lee DW, Kim HD, Ro TI, Min YG (2001) J Korean Phys Soc 38:14
Kim GN, Ahmed H, Machrafi R, Son D, Skoy V, Lee YS, Kang H, Cho MH, Ko IS, Namkung W (2003) J Korean Phys Soc 42:479
Firestone RB (1996) Table of Isotopes. Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken (CD Rom Edition)
Debertin K, Heimer RG (1988) Gamma and X-ray spectrometry with semiconductor detectors. North Holland Elsevier, New York
de Bruin M, Korthoven PJM (1974) Radiochem Radioanal Lett 19:153
Richardson AE, Sallee WW (1990) Nucl Instrum Method A 299:344
Tran DT, Truong TA, Nguyen TK, Phan VC, Nguyen TV (2010) J Radioanal Nucl Chem. doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0630-5
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the staffs of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory for excellent operation of the electron linac and their strong support. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through a Grant provided by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) in 2010 (Project Nos. 2010-0018498 and 2010-0021375), by the Institutional Activity Program of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), and by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Do, N.V., Khue, P.D., Thanh, K.T. et al. Measurement of isomeric yield ratios for the 44m,gSc isomeric pairs produced from 45Sc and natTi targets at 50-, 60-, and 70-MeV bremsstrahlung. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 287, 813–820 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0831-y
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0831-y