Abstract
Cis-1,4-polyisoprene latex (IRL) is the best alternative to natural rubber latex (NRL) because it is free from proteins and can avoid allergic reactions in the human body. Poor mechanical properties of IRL film are a major obstacle to replacing NRL. To address this issue, a novel strategy was developed by a simple one-pot method to prepare a composite latex introducing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified sodium montmorillonite (org-Mnt) into the IRL preparation process. The microstructures and morphology of the resulting org-Mnt were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). In addition, the dispersion state of the org-Mnt in the composite latex and the morphology of the composite films were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. The properties of the composite latex were investigated. Crosslink density, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, and thermal oxygen aging properties of the composite latex films were also studied. Finally, the mechanism of org-Mnt reinforcement of IRL was described comprehensively. The results showed that the org-Mnt/IRL (1phr and 2phr) composite latexes had a stable state, excellent film-formation performance, and excellent mechanical properties. Compared with pure IRL films, the tensile strength of org-Mnt/IRL (2phr) composite films increased by 74%, and after thermal oxygen aging, property change rates of the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 37.2% and 32.1%, respectively, which exceeded those of NRL. The current research provides an effective method for preparing high-performance composite films suitable for high-end medical applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Svoboda P, Zeng C, Wang H, Lee LJ, Tomasko DL (2010) Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 85(7):1562–1570
Nielsen GD, Wolkof P, Alarie Y (2007) Sensory irritation: risk assessment approaches. Regul Toxicol Pharm 48(1):6–18
Ren X, Barrera CS, Tardif JL, Gil A, Cornish K (2020) Liquid guayule natural rubber, a renewable and crosslinkable processing aid in natural and synthetic rubber compounds. J Clean Prod 276:122933
Tang S, Li J, Wang R, Zhang J, Lu Y, Hu GH, Wang Z, Zhang L (2022) Current trends in bio-based elastomer materials. SusMat 2(1):2–33
Suppaibulsuk B, Prasassarakich P, Rempel GL (2010) Factorial design of nanosized polyisoprene synthesis via differential microemulsion polymerization. Polym Advan Technol 21(7):467–475
Cheong IW, Fellows CM, Gilbert RG (2004) Synthesis and cross-linking of polyisoprene latexes. Polymer 45(3):769–781
Kangwansupamonkon W, Fellows CM, Lamb DJ, Gilbert RG, Kiatkamjornwong S (2004) Kinetics of surface grafting on polyisoprene latexes by reaction calorimetry. Polymer 45(17):5775–5784
Piya-areetham P, Prasassarakich P, Rempel GL (2013) Organic solvent-free hydrogenation of natural rubber latex and synthetic polyisoprene emulsion catalyzed by water-soluble rhodium complexes. J Mol Catal A-Chem 372:151–159
Whitney DL, Evans BW (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. Am Minera 95(1):185–187
Warr LN (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Min 55(3):261–264
Liang YR, Cao WL, Zhang XB, Tan YJ, He SJ, Zhang LQ (2009) Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on different polarities of nitrile–butadiene rubber with clay. J Appl Polym Sci 112(5):3087–3094
Pavlidou S, Papaspyrides CD (2008) A review on polymer–layered silicate nanocomposites. Prog Polym Sci 33(12):1119–1198
Iwasaki T (2020) Structure of a layered octosilicate intercalated with alkylamines with different molecular structures in water. J Solid State Chem 290:121545
Ahmad MB, Hoidy WH, Ibrahim NAB, Al-Mulla EAJ (2009) Modification of montmorillonite by new surfactants. J Eng Appl Sci 4(3):184–188
Guo YX, Liu JH, Gates WP, Zhou CH (2020) Organo-modification of montmorillonite. Clay Clay Miner 68:601–622
Shabafrooz V, Bandla S, Allahkarami S (2018) Graphene/polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. J Polym Res 25:256–262
Ibarra L, Rodrı’guez A, Mora I (2007) Ionic nanocomposites based on XNBR-OMg filled with layered nanoclays. Eur Polym J 43:753–761
Chen H, Li Y, Wang S, Li Y, Zhou Y (2018) Highly ordered structured montmorillonite/brominated butyl rubber nanocomposites: dramatic enhancement of the gas barrier properties by an external magnetic field. J Membrane Sci 546:22–30
Singh K, Nanda T, Mehta R (2017) Addition of nanoclay and compatibilized EPDM rubber for improved impact strength of epoxy glass fiber composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manufact 103:263–271
Zhang Z, Yu F, Yu W, Zhang H (2015) Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of dynamically vulcanized long chain branched polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer blends. J Polym Res 22:198–206
Maroufkhani M, Katbab AA, Zhang J (2018) Manipulation of the properties of PLA nanocomposites by controlling the distribution of nanoclay via varying the acrylonitrile content in NBR rubber. Polym Test 65:313–321
Ebrahimi-Jahromi A, Ebrahimi-Jahromi HR, Hemmati F, Saeb MR, Formela K (2016) Morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide/clay nanocomposites toughened with NBR/NBR-g-GMA: A comparative study. Compos B Eng 90:478–484
Bhuyan B, Srivastava SK, Pionteck J (2017) MWCNT/hectorite hybrid filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blend nanocomposites: preparation and properties. J Polym Res 24:150–159
Hrachová J, Komadel P, Chodák I (2008) Effect of montmorillonite modification on mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber composites. J Mater Sci 43(6):2012–2017
Archibong FN, Orakwe LC, Ogah OA, Mbam SO, Ajah SA, Okechukwu ME, Igberi CO, Okafor KJ, Chima MO, Ikelle II (2023) Emerging progress in montmorillonite rubber/polymer nanocomposites: A review. J Mater Sci 58(6):2396–2429
Esmaeili E, Rounaghi SA, Eckert J (2021) Mechanochemical synthesis of rosin-modified montmorillonite: A breakthrough approach to the next generation of OMMT/Rubber nanocomposites. Nanomaterials 11(8):1974
Zhang J, Li L, Xu J, Sun D (2014) Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide addition on the emulsions stabilized by montmorillonite. Colloid Polym Sci 292:441–447
Flory PJ (1950) Statistical mechanics of swelling of network structures. J Cheml Phys 18(1):108–111
Arroyo M, Lopez-Manchado MA, Herrero B (2003) Organo-Montmorillonite as substitute of carbon black in natural rubber compounds. Polymer 44(8):2447–2453
Bala P, Samantaray BK, Srivastava SK, Nando GB (2004) Organomodified montmorillonite as filler in natural and synthetic rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 92(6):3583–3592
Liu YY, Gu JJ, Zhang JL, Wang J, Nie N, Fu Y, Li W, Yu F (2015) Controllable synthesis of nano-sized LiFePO4/C via a high shear mixer facilitated hydrothermal method for high rate Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 173:448–457
Özcan-Taşkin NG, Padron G, Voelkel A (2009) Effect of particle type on the mechanisms of break up of nanoscale particle clusters. Chem Eng Res Des 87(4):468–473
Riddick TM (1968) Control of colloid stability through Zeta potential: With a closing chapter on its relationship to cardiovascular disease, vol 1. Zeta-Meter, Incorporated, New York, Staunton, VA, USA
Hoven VP, Chombanpaew K, Iwasaki Y, Tasakorn P (2010) Improving blood compatibility of natural rubber by UV-induced graft polymerization of hydrophilic monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 112(1):208–217
Hu J, Tian X, Sun J, Yuan J, Yuan Y (2020) Chitin nanocrystals reticulated self-assembled architecture reinforces deproteinized natural rubber latex film. J Appl Polym Sci 137(39):49173
Jiang G, Song S, Zhai Y, Chi F, Yong Z (2015) Improving the Filler Dispersion of Polychloroprene/Carboxylated multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes composites by non-covalent functionalization of carboxylated ionic liquid. Compos Sci Technol 123:171–178
Ponnamma D, Ramachandran R, Hussain S, Rajaraman R, Amarendra G, Varughese KT, Thomas S (2015) Free-volume correlation with mechanical and dielectric properties of natural rubber/multi walled carbon nanotubes composites. Compos Part A-Appl S 77:164–171
Song P, Xu Z, Wu Y, Cheng Q, Guo Q, Wang H (2017) Super-tough artificial nacre based on graphene oxide via synergistic interface interactions of π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. Carbon 111:807–812
Chen Y, Wei W, Zhu Y, Luo J, Liu X (2019) Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes via co-deposition of tannic acid and polyethyleneimine for reinforcement and conductivity improvement in epoxy composite. Compos Sci Technol 170:25–33
Sui G, Zhong WH, Yang XP, Yu YH (2008) Curing kinetics and mechanical behavior of natural rubber reinforced with pretreated carbon nanotubes. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 485:524–531
Komine H, Ogata N (1996) Prediction for swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite. Can Geo Techl J 33(1):11–22
Funding
This study was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020ME059 and ZR2021ME028).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, L., Zhang, H., Hua, J. et al. Simultaneous preparation and reinforcement of organic 2D clay layers/cis-1,4-polyisoprene composite latex and its high-performance films. J Polym Res 31, 54 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03871-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03871-2