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Vegetable oils based precursors: modifications and scope for futuristic bio-based polymeric materials

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Abstract

Vegetable oils or fats are one of the most important renewable resources and mainly consist of triglyceride esters with different fatty acid chains. These components contain a number of highly functional sites in the form of unsaturated -C = C- bonds, triglyceride ester groups, and allylic reactive positions. Therefore, they present a possibility for multiple ranges of chemical transformations and also produce new and novel bio-based monomers for the synthesis of polymers with considerable bio-degradability. Vegetable oils and the chemicals derived thereof come from non-exhaustible and renewable resource. They are eco-friendly and emerging as sustainable alternates to the chemicals or monomers derived from limitedly available petroleum source, which are also known for their toxicity and environmental pollution. The present review discusses and analyses the possible application areas and summarise the diverse chemical modifications namely, hydrogenation, trans-esterification, epoxidation, along with various polymerization processes that have been reported in the literature. The case of very less explored non-edible oil derived from Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum), as a futuristic precursor especially in the polymer synthesis has been highlighted. We believe that the commercial potential and opportunities for such sustainable materials in general and bio-degradable polymers or plastics in particular will emerge on the global market in the near future.

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Abbreviations

ADMET:

Acyclic diene metathesis

AA:

Acrylic acid

BD:

1, 4-butanediol

CFSO:

Cassia fistula seed oil

DA:

Dimer acid

DBTDL:

Dibutyltin dilaurate

DCC:

Dicyclolhexylcarbodimide

EACO:

Epoxidized acrylated castor oil

ECO:

Epoxidized castor oil

ECFSO:

Epoxidized Cassia fistula seed oil

ELO:

Epoxidized linseed oil

ESO:

Epoxidized soybean oil

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

HMDI:

Hexamthylene diisocyanate

IPDI:

Isophorone diisocyanate

IPN:

Interpenetrating polymer network

IV:

Iodine value

LC:

Liquid crystalline

MDI:

Methylene diisocyanate

MET:

Metathesis

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

NIPU:

Non-isocyanate polyurethane

PVC:

Poly(vinyl chloride)

PA:

Polyamide

PHA:

Polyhydroxy alkanoate

PHBA:

p-hydroxybenzoic acid

PPG:

Poly(propylene glycol)

PU:

Polyurethane

PUD:

Polyurethane dispersion

ROMP:

Ring opening polymerization method

TDI:

Toluene diisocyanate

Tg :

Glass transition temperature

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Co-ordinator, UGC-CAS (Phase-II) program, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University for providing the lab facilities. CVR thank the UGC, New Delhi and KCG, Gandhinagar for financial assistance under CPEPA and SHODH programs, respectively.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India

    Chetan V. Rajput, Nandhibatla V. Sastry & Navin P. Chikhaliya

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Chetan V. Rajput: conceived the research, wrote the original draft.

Nandhibatla V. Sastry: supervised the research, edited and revised the article.

Navin P. Chikhaliya: supervised the research, edited and reviewed review article.

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Rajput, C.V., Sastry, N.V. & Chikhaliya, N.P. Vegetable oils based precursors: modifications and scope for futuristic bio-based polymeric materials. J Polym Res 30, 159 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03534-8

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