Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dispersion polymerization of N-vinylformamide and acrylonitrile in aqueous solution, amidinization, and flocculation performance

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Polyamidine, which is an excellent flocculant, was prepared by a two-step process: the copolymerization of N-vinyl formamide (NVF) and acrylonitrile (AN) and the amidinization of the copolymer. The existing methods of copolymerization have many drawbacks such as high molecular weight loss during amidinization, environmental pollution, and high cost. We propose the use of pure water as the reaction medium for the dispersion polymerization of NVF and AN to overcome these shortcomings. The products of dispersion polymerization have great fluidity. Aqueous dispersions also help to reduce the amidinization time and molecular weight loss during amidinization, which effectively improves the charge density of polyamidine. The effects of polymerization temperature and monomer concentration on particle size and intrinsic viscosity were studied. The copolymer was processed to produce polyamidine under acidic conditions, and the influence of the reaction conditions on charge density was investigated. Compared with those of solution polymerization, the copolymer products of dispersion polymerization exhibit higher amidinization rate, charge density, and flocculation performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

References

  1. Sato S, Sakakihara T, Sawayama S. Cationic polymer flocculating agents[P]. 1994. US5281340A

  2. Sawayama S, Satoh K, Sakakihara T. Paper-making additives comprising cationic polymers[P]. 1995. US5389203A

  3. Sharavanan K, Komber H, Fischer D, Böhme F (2004) Hydrolytic degradation of polyamidines and its potential application in controlled release of active agents. Polymer 45(7):2127–2132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.01.055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Guo B (2016) Preparation, characteration and flocculation effect of poly(N-vinylformamide-acrylonitrile) amidine [D], Jinan, Shandong University

  5. Wang Z, Zhang Y (2008) Study on the aqueous solution polymerization of polyamidine. Ind Water Treat 28(10):65–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang L, Wang J, Zhang S et al (2009) A watersoluble cationic flocculant synthesized by dispersion polymerization in aqueous salts solution. Sep Purif Technol 67(3):331–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yue Q, Li Y, Gao B, Yang Z (2004) Study on the inverse emulsion polymerization of PDMDAAC-AM. J Shandong Univ (Natural Sci) 39(6):86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zheng H, Zhang P, Deng X, Zhu G, Yang C, Fan W, Zhu C, Yang Z (2012) Synthesis of CPAM and its usage for DMP removal. JESCI 63(1):279–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu X, Chen D, Yue Y, Zhang W, Wang P (2006) Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with acrylic acid in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate: synthesis and characterization. Appl Polym Sci 102:3685–3690. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.24259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang X, Yue Q, Gao B, Si X, Sun X, Zhang S (2011) Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride in ethanol-water solution. Appl Polym Sci 120:1496. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.33288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Barrett KEJ (1975) Dispersion polymerization in organic media. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sparnacci K, Laus M, Tondelli L, Magnani L, Bernardi C (2006) Core–shell microspheres by dispersion polymerization as drug delivery systems. Chem Phys 203:1364. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856205774576673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shen S, Sudol ED, El-Aasser MS (1993) Control of particle size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Polym Sci Part Polym Chem 31(6):1393–1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Xu J, Wu Y, Wang C, Wang Y (2009) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with 2-Acrylamide-2-Methyl-1-Propane sulfonate in aqueous solution of sodium sulfate. J Polym Res 16(5):569–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-008-9261-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu Y, Wang C, Xu J (2010) Aqueous dispersion polymerization of amphoteric polyacrylamide. J Appl Polym Sci 115(2):1131–1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ray B, Mandal BM (1997) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide. Langmuir 13:2191–2196. https://doi.org/10.1021/la9605044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Broja M, Mandal Biswajit Ray (1999) Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide: Part II. 2, 2’-Azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. J Polym Sci Pol Chem (37):493–499. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0518(19990215)37:4%3C493::AID-POLA13%3E3.0.CO;2-Y

  18. Zou Y, Zhang YH, He PX (2012) Synthesis and characterization of amphoteric polyacrylamide by dispersion polymerization in aqueous salts solution. Des Monomers Polym 16(6):592–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2013.771311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Xu K, Wang H, Liang X, TanY YX, Wang P (2018) A novel hyperbranched polymeric flocculant for waste-water treatment. J Polym Environ 26(7):2782–2792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1120-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang Z, Yang H, Jiang Z, Cai T, Li H, Li H, Li A, Cheng R (2013) Flocculation of both anionic and cationic dyes in aqueous solutions by the amphoteric grafting flocculant carboxymethyl chitosan-graft-polyacrylamide. J Hazard Mater 254:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.053

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Li X, Zheng H, Gao B, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhao C (2017) UV-initiated template copolymerization of AM and MAPTAC: Microblock structure, copolymerization mechanism, and flocculation performance. Chemosphere 167:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.046

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Vajihinejad V, Gumfekar SP, Bazoubandi B, Rostami Najafabadi Z, Soares JB (2019) Water soluble polymer flocculants: synthesis, characterization, and performance assessment. Macromol Mater Eng 304(2):1800526. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Special Funds of the Science and Technology Cooperation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. 2021SYHZ0018) and Capital Care Foundation in Jilin Province Budget (grant no. 20210201124GX).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, PR China

    Jiarui Wang, Chao Wang, Fan Zhang, Xinyue Wang, Hao Zhang, Ying Liu, Xiaona Huang, Hang Jiang, Hui Chi, Yungang Bai, Kun Xu & Pixin Wang

  2. University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, PR China

    Jiarui Wang, Fan Zhang, Xinyue Wang, Hang Jiang & Pixin Wang

Authors
  1. Jiarui Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xinyue Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ying Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xiaona Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hang Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hui Chi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yungang Bai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Kun Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Pixin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Jiarui Wang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jiarui Wang and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yungang Bai or Kun Xu.

Ethics declarations

Competing of interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing fnancial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to infuence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, J., Wang, C., Zhang, F. et al. Dispersion polymerization of N-vinylformamide and acrylonitrile in aqueous solution, amidinization, and flocculation performance. J Polym Res 30, 163 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03488-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03488-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation