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Chitosan: Application in tissue engineering and skin grafting

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Abstract

Tissue Engineering and skin grafting, an essential part of regenerative medicine is one of the fastest growing biomedical fields which could offer an important therapeutic strategy for management of hard to heal wounds. 2D and 3D polymeric scaffolds are prerequisites in this field to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue regeneration. Convergence of technology and research has successfully unveiled unknown properties of Chitosan as a bioactive polymer. Natural abundance, cost effectiveness, biodegradability, biocompatibility and wound healing capabilities of chitosan and its derivatives has drawn the attention of many researchers for its use as an alternative for fabrication of a scaffold in tissue engineering and skin graft. However lower mechanical strength and solubility has limited its application in the biomedical field. It has been found that the derivatization and combination with other polymers can successfully overcome these limitations. This review focuses on the applicability of chitosan and its derivatives in combination with other polymers in tissue engineering and skin grafting along with the novel scaffold fabrication techniques. Studies so far have demonstrated the potential of chitosan and its derivative as a scaffold in the field of regenerative medicine. However, even if the promising results obtained from in-vitro and preclinical studies prove the efficacy of chitosan scaffolds it still has a long way to go to be used in clinical set ups.

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Abbreviations

TE:

Tissue Engineering

SG:

Skin Graft

2D:

2 Dimensional

3D:

3 Dimensional

ECM:

Extra Cellular Matrix

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PLGA:

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid

PVP:

Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

PCL:

Poly-Ɛ-caprolactone

DA:

Degree of acetylation

DD:

Degree of deacetylation.

CORP:

Computer Operated Rapid Prototyping

GAGs:

Glycosaminoglycan

IBP:

Internal Gas Bubbling Process

TIPS:

Thermally Induced Phase Separation

BMP 2:

Bone Morphogenetic Protein

NT-3:

Neurotrophin −3

chABC:

Chondroitinase ABC

MNPs:

Magnetic Nanoparticles.

VAM:

Virus Activated Matrix.

TGF- β3:

Tissue Growth Factor-β3

HA:

Hydroxy appetite

CS:

Chitosan

Gel:

Gelatin

CNW:

Cellulose Nanowhiskers.

DMEM/F12:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient mixture F-12

VEGF:

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

PLAGA:

Poly lactic acid-glycolic acid

GPTMS:

γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy Silane

nsHA:

Non-Sintered Hydroxyapatite

sHA:

Sintered Hydroxyapatite

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

TPU:

Thermoplastic polyurethane

CCS:

Collagen - Chitosan scaffolds

BMSCs:

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

CS-SF:

Chitosan- Silk fibroin

TGF- β1:

Transforming Growth Factor-β1

TCP:

Tricalcium Phosphate

RhBMP-2:

Recombined human Bone Morphology Protein

QCS:

Quaternized Chitosan

NCMS:

Nanofiber Chitosan Microspheres

PQQ:

Pyrroloquinoline quinone

P-CGMs:

Macroporous Chitosan-Gelatin B Microspheres

PHBV:

Poly(3-hydro-butyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate

CECS/PVA:

Carboxy ethyl Chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mithibai college campus, gate no. 1, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India

    Anamika R. Pandey, Upasana S. Singh, Munira Momin & Chintan Bhavsar

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Pandey, A.R., Singh, U.S., Momin, M. et al. Chitosan: Application in tissue engineering and skin grafting. J Polym Res 24, 125 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-017-1286-4

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