Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Facile synthesis of cadmium sulphide-polyaniline (CdS-PANI) nanocomposite and its field emission investigations

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A simple two step chemical route has been employed to synthesize cadmium sulphide - polyaniline (CdS-PANI) nanocomposite. In the first step PANI nanotubes are synthesized by oxidative polymerization followed by deposition of CdS nanoparticles on them. In order to investigate the structural, chemical and optical properties of the CdS-PANI nanocomposite, various characterization techniques have been used. The microscopic analysis reveals that the PANI nanotubes having length in several microns with cavity diameter of ~ 10 to 20 nm are decorated with CdS nanoparticles of 5 to 10 nm. The XRD spectrum indicates formation of crystalline hexagonal phase of CdS, supported by the SAED pattern obtained during TEM analysis. The FTIR and UV-visible spectra confirm formation of the conducting phase of PANI. The field emission studies of the CdS-PANI nanocomposite indicate low turn on field of 1.4 V/μm, corresponding to emission current density ~ 1 μA/cm2, and emission current density of ~ 5.5 mA/cm2 has been drawn at an applied field of 3.8 V/μm. Furthermore the emission current is observed to be fairly stable at the preset values over long term duration. The enhanced field emission properties, exhibited in terms of low turn on field, and delivery of very high emission current density at relatively lower applied field, are attributed to the nanometric dimensions of the PANI nanotubes and CdS nanoparticles, and modulation of electronic properties due to formation of heterojunction. The overall field emission results propose the CdS-PANI nanocomposite as a promising material for field emission based devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Schematic 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Schematic 2
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jeon SS, An HH, Yoon CS, Im SS (2011) Synthesis of ultra-thin polypyrrole nanosheets for chemical sensor applications. Polymer 52:652–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arya SK, Dey A, Bhansali S (2011) Polyaniline protected gold nanoparticles based mediator and label free electrochemical cortisol biosensor. Biosensors and Bioelectr 28:166–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kim WH, Mäkinen AJ, Nikolov N, Shashidhar R, Kim H, Kafafi ZH (2002) Molecular organic light-emitting diodes using highly conducting polymers as anodes. Appl Phys Lett 80:3844–3846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Patil SS, Harpale KV, Koiry SP, Patil KR, Aswal DK, More MA (2014) Multifunctional Polyaniline-Tin oxide (PANI-SnO2) nanocomposite: synthesis and Its electrochemical, field emission investigations. J Appl Poly Sci. doi:10.1002/app.41401

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mehdi SN, Sayed MG, Yaser J, Naser K (2014) Electrodeposition of polyaniline-montmorrilonite nanocomposite coatings on 316 L stainless steel for corrosion prevention. J Polym Res 21:416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ting TH, Wu KH (2013) Synthesis and electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties of BaTiO3/polyaniline structured composites in 2–40 GHz. J Polym Res 20:127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chih-YK MSS, Guan YC, Ching-Shun K, Hsin-Yi L, Kung-Hwa W (2011) Annealing treatment improves the morphology and performance of photovoltaic devices prepared from thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based donor/acceptor conjugated polymers and CdSe nanostructures. Energy Environ Sci 4:2316–2322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Long YZ, Li MM, Gub C, Wan M, Duvail JL, Liu Z, Fan Z (2011) Recent advances in synthesis, physical properties and applications of conducting polymer nanotubes and nanofibers. Prog Poly Sci 36:1415–1442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Musa I, Munindrasdasa DAI, Amaratunga GAJ, Eccleston W (1998) Ultra-low-threshold field emission from conjugated polymers. Nature 395:362–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang CW, Wang Z, Li MK, Li HL (2001) Well-aligned polyaniline nano-fibril array membrane and its field emission property. Chem Phys Lett 341:431–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kim BH, Kim MS, Park KT, Lee JK, Park DH, Joo J, Yu SG, Lee SH (2003) Characteristics and field emission of conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 83:539–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kim BH, Park DH, Joo J, Yu SG, Lee SH (2005) Synthesis, characteristics, and field emission of doped and de-doped polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes and nanowires. Synth Met 150:279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yan H, Zhang L, Shen J, Chen Z, Shi G, Zhang B (2006) Synthesis, property and field-emission behaviour of amorphous polypyrrole nanowires. Nanotechnology 17:3446–3450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rakhi RB, Sethupathi K, Ramaprabhu S (2008) Electron field emission properties of conducting polymer coated multi walled carbon nanotubes. Appl Surf Sci 254:6770–6774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rakhi RB, Sethupathi K, Ramaprabhu S (2009) Electron field emitters based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated with conducting polymer/metal/metal-oxide composites. J Expt Nanosci 4:67–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nair R, Premlal B, Das A, Sood AK (2009) Enhanced field emission from carbon nanotube–conducting polymer composites with low loading. Solid State Comm 149:150–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Patil SS, Koiry SP, Aswal DK, Koinkar PM, More MA (2011) Template free electrochemical synthesis of highly crystalline polyaniline nanopetals, nanocrystals and their field electron emission investigations. J Electrochem Soc 160(D):543–D552

    Google Scholar 

  18. Patil SS, Koiry SP, Veerender P, Aswal DK, Gupta SK, Joag DS, More MA (2012) Synthesis of vertically aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, nanotubes on APTMS monolayer and their field emission characteristics. RSC Advances 2:5822–5827

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Patil SS, Jha P, Aswal DK, Gupta SK, Yakhmi JV, Joag DS, More MA (2012) Ultra low field emission characteristics of chloride doped polypyrrole films. Polym Adv Tech 23:215–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Patil SS, Koiry SP, Aswal DK, Koinkar PM, Murakami R, More MA (2011) Promising field emission characteristics of polyaniline nanotubes. J Electrochem Soc 158:E63–E66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Osterloh FE, Martino JS, Hiramatsu H, Hewitt DP (2003) Stringing up the Pearls: Self-Assembly, Optical and Electronic Properties of CdSe − and Au − LiMo3Se3 Nanoparticle − Nanowire Composites. Nano Lett 3:125–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu CG, Degroot DC, Marcy HO, Schindler JR, Kannewurf CR, Liu YJ, Hirpo W, Kanatzidis MG (1996) Redox Intercalative Polymerization of Aniline in V2O5 Xerogel. The Postintercalative Intralamellar Polymer Growth in Polyaniline/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites Is Facilitated by Molecular Oxygen. Chem Mater 8:1992–2004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Querner C, Reiss P, Bleuse J, Pron A (2004) Chelating Ligands for Nanocrystals Surface Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 126:11574–11582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Seoudi R, Kamal M, Shabaka AA, Abdelrazek EM, Eisa W (2010) Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies of CdS/polyaniline core/shell nanocomposite. Synth Metals 160:479–484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ameen S, Akhtar MS, Kim YS, Shin HS (2012) Synthesis and electrochemical impedance properties of CdS nanoparticles decorated polyaniline nanorods. Chem Eng J 181:806–812

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Cosmin L, Zoran Z, Jadranka TS (2010) Theories of polyaniline nanostructure self-assembly: Towards an expanded, comprehensive Multi-Layer Theory (MLT). Prog Poly Sci 35:1403–1419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Jaroslav S, Irina S, Miroslava T, Elena NK, Petr H (2006) The genesis of polyaniline nanotubes. Polymer 47:8253–8262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Luo C, Peng H, Zhang L, Lu GL, Wang Y, Sejdic JT (2011) Formation of Nano-/Microstructures of Polyaniline and its Derivatives. Macromolecules 44:6899–6907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Li G, Zhang Z (2004) Synthesis of Dendritic Polyaniline Nanofibers in a Surfactant Gel. Macromolecules 37:2683–2685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Miroslava T, Jaroslav S (2011) Polyaniline: The infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes. Pure Appl Chem 83:1803–1817

    Google Scholar 

  31. Miroslava T, Ivana S, Elena NK, Jaroslav S, Petr H, Gordana CM (2006) Evolution of Polyaniline Nanotubes: The Oxidation of Aniline in Water. J Phys Chem B 110:9461–9468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Xi Y, Zhou Y, Guo H, Cai C, Lin Z (2005) Enhanced photoluminescence in core-sheath CdS–PANI coaxial nanocables: A charge transfer mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 412:60–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gopalakrishnan K, Elango M, Thamilselvan M (2012) Optical studies on nano-structured conducting Polyaniline prepared by chemical oxidation method. Arch Phys Res 3:315–319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fowler RH, Nordheim L, Electron Emission in Intense Electric Fields (1928) Roy Soc of London, series A 119:173–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dutta K, De S, De SK (2007) Optical and electrical characterizations of self-assembled CdS nanorods—polyaniline composites. J Appl Phys 101:093711(1)- (6)

  36. Ramgir NS, Late DJ, Bhise AB, Mulla IS, More MA, Joag DS (2006) Field emission studies of novel ZnO nanostructures in high and low field regions. Nanotechnology 17:2730–2735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Sandip S. Patil, like to acknowledge BARC, Mumbai for financial support. The field emission studies have been carried out as part of the CNQS activity of Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shivajinagar, Pune, 411005, India

    Sandip S. Patil

  2. Center for Advanced Studies in Material Science and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India, 411007

    Sandip S. Patil, Kashmira V. Harpale, Akansha D. Shinde, Ruchita T. Khare & Mahendra A. More

  3. Center for International Cooperation in Engineering Education (CICEE), The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima, Japan

    Pankaj M. Koinkar

Authors
  1. Sandip S. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kashmira V. Harpale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Akansha D. Shinde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ruchita T. Khare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pankaj M. Koinkar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mahendra A. More
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandip S. Patil.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patil, S.S., Harpale, K.V., Shinde, A.D. et al. Facile synthesis of cadmium sulphide-polyaniline (CdS-PANI) nanocomposite and its field emission investigations. J Polym Res 22, 113 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-015-0746-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-015-0746-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation