Abstract
The reaction kinetics with a diffusion control mechanism, as well as the volumetric change upon curing, of a cresol novolac epoxy/o-cresol-formaldehyde novolac hardener system were studied. Simple equations to model the change in linear coefficients of thermal expansion with reacting thermosetting system conversion were also derived. Based on the heat of the reaction of monomeric monofunctional model compounds, the true degree of conversion of this crosslinking epoxy system can be obtained. The reaction is then modeled as a reaction of shifting order: it first reacts autocatalytically and later switches into diffusion control. The reaction in the diffusion-controlled region can be modeled by an n-th order kinetic equation with its rate constant described by a WLF-type equation. Both experimental linear coefficients of thermal expansion above and below the glass transition temperature decrease linearly with the degree of conversion, which agrees with the derived equations. The importance of chemical shrinkage upon curing is also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Ogata, N. Kinjo and T. Kawata, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 48, 583 (1993).
E. Suhir, SPE ANTEC, pp. 89–98 (1992).
K. Kuwata, K. Iko and H. Tabata, IEEE Trans. Comp. Hybrids Manufact. Technol., 8, 486 (1986).
T. H. Ho and C. S. Wang, Polymer, 37, 1322 (1997).
L. L. Lin, T. H. Ho and C. S. Wang, Polymer, 38, 1997 (1997).
J. I. Meijerink, S. Eguchi, M. Ogata, T. Ishii, S. Amagi, S. Numata and H. Sashima, Polymer, 35, 179 (1994).
K. Dusek and W. J. MacKnight, ACS Symposium Series, 367, pp. 1–27 (1988).
K. C. Cheng, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 36, 2339 (1998).
A. Ya Malkin, S. G. Kulichikhin, M. L. Kerber, I. Yu Gorbunova and E. A. Murashova, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37, 1322 (1997).
D. Verchere, H. Sautereau, J. P. Pascault, C. C. Riccardi, S. M. Moschiar and R. J. J. Williams, Macromolecules, 23, 725 (1990).
C. C. Su and E. M. Woo, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys., 35, 2141 (1997).
Y. Deng and G. C. Martin, Polymer, 37, 3593 (1996).
X. Wang and J. K. Gillham, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 45, 2127 (1992).
S. Lunak, J. Vladyka and K. Dusek, Polymer, 19, 931 (1978).
A. Hale, C. W. Macosko and H. E. Bair, Macromolecules, 24, 2610 (1991).
A. T. DiBenedetto, Unpublished results reported in L. E. Nielsen, J. Macromol. Sci. Revs. Macromol. Chem., C3(1), 69 (1969).
C. Ferger and W. J. MacKnight, Macromolecules, 18, 280 (1985).
T. G. Fox and S. Loshaek, J. Polym. Sci., 15, 371 (1955).
J. Borrajo, C. C. Riccardi and R. J. J. Williams, Polymer, 38, 3903 (1997).
D. L. Kurdikar and N. A. Peppas, Polymer, 36, 2249 (1995).
R. Simha and K. F. Boyer, J. Chem. Phys., 37, 1003 (1962).
D. W. Van Krevelen, Properties of Polymers, 3rd Ed., Elsevier Science B. V., The Netherlands, pp. 189–220, 1990.
D. H. Kim and S. C. Kim, Polym. Bull., 18, 533 (1987).
O. Levenspiel, The Chemical Reactor Omnibook, OSU Book store, Corvallis, OR, 1979.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tai, HJ. Chemical shrinkage and diffusion-controlled reaction in a cresol novolac epoxy. J Polym Res 7, 221–227 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0123-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0123-y