Abstract
The clipping of near-field seismic waveforms caused by instrument limitations results in the waste of lots of waveforms and hinders the effective advancement of seismic research projects like source parameter inversion, near-fault ground motion characteristics, and earthquake early warning (EEW). In this paper, we propose to use the cubic spline interpolation method to restore the clipping waveform to solve the near-field data loss. We evaluate the recoverability of seismic waveforms with different clipped levels through artificial clipping experiments and compare the recovery waveforms with the projection onto convex sets (POCS) method. The results show that the restoration deviation of the cubic spline interpolation method is less than 1% at the clipped point, for the records whose clipped amplitude does not exceed 50% of the peak. In addition, the restored phase feature of the cubic spline interpolation is closer to the real waveform than the POCS method. To verify the performance of this method in the realistic earthquake, we apply it to the Barkam Mw 5.9 earthquake. The results show that the peak ratio of the restored clipping records to the measured non-clipping records is close to 1, and the relative error of the response spectrum is less than 0.1. Finally, we apply this method to successfully restore about 60% of near-field clipped records from the 2022 Lushan Mw 5.8 earthquake, which provided more data support for the study of the near-field ground motion.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers and the editors for their constructive advice. Seismic data and strong motion data for this study were provided by the China Strong Motion Network Center at Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration. The magnitude in this article was provided by USGS through https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ (last accessed June 2023). Some of the plots were produced using Generic Mapping Tools (version 6) (Wessel et al. 2019).
Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U2039209), and the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (Grant No. LH2022E119).
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Conceptualization, W.P., Q.M.; formal analysis and validation, W.P., D.T. and Q.X.; writing-original draft preparation, all authors; project administration and funding acquisition, D.T. and Q.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Highlights
• The cubic spline interpolation method has advantages in restoring phase characteristics of clipping records.
• Based on the accelerometer records of the Barkam Mw 5.9 earthquake, the ability of the cubic spline interpolation method to restore the clipped seismic waveform was verified.
• Approximately 60% of the clipping seismic records in the Lushan Mw 5.8 earthquake have been restored using the cubic spline interpolation method.
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Peng, W., Tao, D., Ma, Q. et al. Clipped seismic record recovery analysis based on the cubic spline interpolation algorithm. J Seismol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-024-10207-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-024-10207-6