Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Tuning the Structure on the Optical and Magnetic Properties by Various Transition Metal Doping in ZnO/TM (TM = Fe, FeCo, Cr, and Mn) Thin Films

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have investigated in this work the physical, optical, electronic, and the magnetic behavior (Curie temperature, magnetic moment) of Zn.1-x.MxO (M = Fe 5%, Co 1%, Cr 5%, and Mn 5%), diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs). The samples were deposited on glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique, and the results of the x-ray diffraction (XRD) of the prepared substrates was used to prove the incorporation of the dopants into the ZnO lattice host; the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic state competitions and their effects on the physical, magnetic, and optical properties, were investigated. The electronic structure and magnetic properties of transition metal (TM) defects, were investigated in detail, by using the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (KKR) method combined with the coherent potential approximation (CPA). As a result, doping by TM impurities induce the ferromagnetism with different competitions between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states, which affects the physical properties of the TM (Fe, Fe/Co, Cr, and Mn)-doped ZnO, with a Curie temperature closer to room-temperature ferromagnetic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dederichs, P.H., Sato, K., Katayama-Yoshida, H.: Dilute magnetic semiconductors. Phase Transit. 78 (9-11), 851–867 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Dietl, T.: A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat. Mater. 9(12), 965–974 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dietl, T.: Dilute magnetic semiconductors: functional ferromagnets. Nat. Mater. 2(10), 646–648 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Coey, J.: Dilute magnetic oxides. Curr. Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 10(2), 83–92 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pearton, S., Heo, W., Ivill, M., Norton, D., Steiner, T.: Dilute magnetic semiconducting oxides. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 19(10), R59 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wolf, S., Awschalom, D., Buhrman, R., Daughton, J., Von Molnar, S., Roukes, M., Chtchelkanova, A.Y., Treger, D.: Spintronics: a spin-based electronics vision for the future. Science 294(5546), 1488–1495 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. MacDonald, A., Schiffer, P., Samarth, N.: Ferromagnetic semiconductors: moving beyond (ga, mn) as. Nat. Mater. 4(3), 195–202 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ohno, H.: Making nonmagnetic semiconductors ferromagnetic. Science 281(5379), 951–956 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ney, A., Opel, M., Kaspar, T.C., Ney, V., Ye, S., Ollefs, K., Kammermeier, T., Bauer, S., Nielsen, K., Goennenwein, S.: Advanced spectroscopic synchrotron techniques to unravel the intrinsic properties of dilute magnetic oxides: the case of co:zno. New J. Phys. 12(1), 013020 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Seshadri, R.: Zinc oxide-based diluted magnetic semiconductors. Curr. Opinion Solid State Mater. Sci. 9(1), 1–7 (2005)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Kittilstved, K.R., Norberg, N.S., Gamelin, D.R.: Chemical manipulation of high-t c ferromagnetism in zno diluted magnetic semiconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(14), 147209 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ueda, K., Tabata, H., Kawai, T.: Magnetic and electric properties of transition-metal-doped ZnO films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79(7), 988–990 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jin, Z., Fukumura, T., Kawasaki, M., Ando, K., Saito, H., Sekiguchi, T., Yoo, Y., Murakami, M., Matsumoto, Y., Hasegawa, T.: High throughput fabrication of transition-metal-doped epitaxial ZnO thin films: a series of oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductors and their properties. Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(24), 3824–3826 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Sato, K., Katayama-Yoshida, H.: Stabilization of ferromagnetic states by electron doping in Fe-, Co-or Ni-doped ZnO. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40(4A), L334 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Karmakar, D., Mandal, S., Kadam, R., Paulose, P., Rajarajan, A., Nath, T.K., Das, A.K., Dasgupta, I., Das, G.: Ferromagnetism in fe-doped zno nanocrystals: experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. B 75 (14), 144404 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, H., Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Wei, M., Ding, X.: Structure and magnetic properties of fe-doped zno prepared by the sol–gel method. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21(14), 145803 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Lee, H.-J., Jeong, S.-Y., Cho, C.R., Park, C.H.: Study of diluted magnetic semiconductor: co-doped ZnO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(21), 4020–4022 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gacic, M., Jakob, G., Herbort, C., Adrian, H., Tietze, T., Brück, S., Goering, E.: Magnetism of co-doped zno thin films. Phys. Rev. B 75(20), 205206 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Matsumoto, Y., Murakami, M., Shono, T., Hasegawa, T., Fukumura, T., Kawasaki, M., Ahmet, P., Chikyow, T., Koshihara, S.-Y., Koinuma, H.: Room-temperature ferromagnetism in transparent transition metal-doped titanium dioxide. Science 291(5505), 854–856 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Saeki, H., Tabata, H., Kawai, T.: Magnetic and electric properties of vanadium doped ZnO films. Solid State Commun. 120(11), 439–443 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, C., Yun, F., Morkoc, H.: Ferromagnetism of ZnO and GaN: a review. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 16(9), 555 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Park, J.H., Kim, M.G., Jang, H.M., Ryu, S., Kim, Y.M.: Co-metal clustering as the origin of ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(8), 1338–1340 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Guan, Q., Liu, H., Yang, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Wei, M., Liu, X.: Intrinsic ferromagnetic properties in Cr-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors. J. Solid State Chem. 184(5), 1273–1278 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Yılmaz, S., Parlak, M., Özcan, Ş., Altunbaş, M., McGlynn, E., Bacaksz, E.: Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cr doped ZnO microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis method. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(22), 9293–9298 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Roberts, B.K., Pakhomov, A.B., Shutthanandan, V.S., Krishnan, K.M.: Ferromagnetic Cr-doped ZnO for spin electronics via magnetron sputtering. J. Appl. Phys. 97(10), 10D310 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sharma, P., Gupta, A., Rao, K., Owens, F.J., Sharma, R., Ahuja, R., Guillen, J. O., Johansson, B., Gehring, G.: Ferromagnetism above room temperature in bulk and transparent thin films of Mn-doped ZnO. Nat. Mater. 2(10), 673–677 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fukumura, T., Jin, Z., Ohtomo, A., Koinuma, H., Kawasaki, M.: An oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor: Mn-doped ZnO. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75(21), 3366–3368 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang, X.L., Luan, C.Y., Shao, Q., Pruna, A., Leung, C.W., Lortz, R., Zapien, J.A., Ruotolo, A.: Effect of the magnetic order on the room-temperature band-gap of mn-doped zno thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 102(10), 102112 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Özgür, Ü., Alivov, Y.I., Liu, C., Teke, A., Reshchikov, M., Doğan, S., Avrutin, V., Cho, S.-J., Morkoc, H.: A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 11 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Srikant, V., Clarke, D.R.: On the optical band gap of zinc oxide. J. Appl. Phys. 83(10), 5447–5451 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pearton, S.J., Norton, D.P., Ivill, M.P., Hebard, A.F., Zavada, J.M., Chen, W. M., Buyanova, I.A.: Zno doped with transition metal ions. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 54(5), 1040–1048 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Fukumura, T., Yamada, Y., Toyosaki, H., Hasegawa, T., Koinuma, H., Kawasaki, M.: Exploration of oxide-based diluted magnetic semiconductors toward transparent spintronics. Appl. Surf. Sci. 223(1), 62–67 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fukumura, T., Toyosaki, H., Yamada, Y.: Magnetic oxide semiconductors. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20 (4), S103 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Katayama, H., Terakura, K., Kanamori, J.: Hyperfine field of positive muon in ferromagnetic nickel. Solid State Commun. 29(5), 431–434 (1979). doi:10.1016/0038-1098(79)91210-9

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Blügel, S., Akai, H., Zeller, R., Dederichs, P.: Hyperfine fields of 3d and 4d impurities in nickel. Phys. Rev. B 35(7), 3271 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Akai, H.: Fast Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation and its application to FCC Ni-Fe systems. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 1(43), 8045–8064 (1989). doi:10.1088/0953-8984/1/43/006

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Aoki, H., Akai, H., Hosaka, A., Toki, H., Malik, F.: Condensed Matter Theories, vol. 21. Nova Science, Tokyo (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Akai, H.: KKR-CPA Program package

  39. Zak, A.K., Majid, W.A., Abrishami, M.E., Yousefi, R.: X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles by Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods. Solid State Sci. 13(1), 251–256 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Integrated Action MA/10/228 and the CNRST-URAC-14, PPR/2015/9-, Morocco.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Materials and Valorization of Natural Resources, University Abdelmalek Essaadi-FST Tangier, Tangier, Morocco

    A. El Haimeur & M. Addou

  2. Faculty of science and technics, Ancienne Route de l’Aeroport, Km 10, Ziaten, BP 416, Tangier, Morocco

    A. El Haimeur & M. Addou

  3. Universidad de Cadiz Departammento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y materiales (IMEYMAT), Cadiz, Spain

    A. El Haimeur

  4. Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Physical Chemistry Materials and Environmental, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 242, Kenitra, Morocco

    L. El Gana

  5. Laboratory of Magnetism and High Energies Physics, URAC 12, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University-Agdal, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco

    A. El Kenz

Authors
  1. A. El Haimeur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. El Gana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Addou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. El Kenz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. El Haimeur.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Haimeur, A., El Gana, L., Addou, M. et al. Effect of Tuning the Structure on the Optical and Magnetic Properties by Various Transition Metal Doping in ZnO/TM (TM = Fe, FeCo, Cr, and Mn) Thin Films. J Supercond Nov Magn 31, 569–576 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-4237-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-4237-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation