Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Ba-Cd-Sr-Ti Doped Fe3O4 Nanohollow Spheres on Removal of Congo Red Under Visible-Light Irradiation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, Ba-Cd-Sr-Ti doped Fe3O4 nanohollow spheres were successfully prepared via a simple solvothermal method. The crystal size, structure, morphology and elemental analysis of the as-prepared sample were investigated in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis measurement was carried out on a vibrant sample magnetometer (VSM) showing the soft ferromagnetic property at room temperature. The synthesized nanohollow spheres were employed as a photocatalyst to study the photocatalytic degradation of dye contaminations. The UV-Vis results showed that the specimen could well catalyze the decolorizing of congo red (CR) solution and a removal efficiency of 99.5 % was obtained at pH 6. The optical characteristic of the products was studied by estimating the band-gap energy based on diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) which represented the doped magnetite with semiconductor metals to be more prone in the visible region as compared to UV region. Some factors such as initial dye concentration, pH, and contact time influencing the decomposition of CR were evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Scheme 1
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chikazumi, S., Taketomi, S., Ukita, M., Mizukami, M., Miyajima, H., Setogawa, M., Kurihara, Y.: Physics of magnetic fluids. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 65, 245–251 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Caruso, F., Spasova, M., Susha, A., Giersig, M., Caruso, R.A.: Magnetic nanocomposite particles and hollow spheres constructed by a sequential layering approach. Chem. Mater. 13, 109–116 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Xiong, Y., Xie, Y., Chen, S., Li, Z.: Fabrication of self-supported patterns of aligned β-FeOOH nanowires by a low-temperature solution reaction. Chemistry 9, 4991–4996 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Woo, K., Lee, H.J., Ahn, J.P., Park, Y.S.: Sol–gel mediated synthesis of Fe2O3 nanorods. Adv. Mater. 15, 1761–1764 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lu, A.H., Schmidt, W., Matoussevitch, N., Bönnemann, H., Spliethoff, B., Tesche, B., Bill, E., Kiefer, W., Schüth, F.: Nanoengineering of a magnetically separable hydrogenation catalyst. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 43, 4303–4306 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fan, G., Gu, Z., Yang, L., Li, F.: Nanocrystalline zinc ferrite photocatalysts formed using the colloid mill and hydrothermal technique. Chem. Eng. J. 155, 534–541 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, X., Lin, Y., Ding, X., Jiang, J.: Enhanced visible-light-response photocatalytic activity of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 6585–6588 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhu, P.L., Xiao, H.M., Zhang, W.D., Yang, G., Fu, S.Y.: One-pot template-free synthesis of monodisperse and single-crystal magnetite hollow spheres by a simple solvothermal route. Cryst. Growth Des. 8, 957–963 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zou, Z., Ibisate, M., Zhou, Y., Aebersold, R., Xia, Y., Zhang, H.: Synthesis and evaluation of superparamagnetic silica particles for extraction of glycopeptides in the microtiter plate format. Anal. Chem. 80, 1228–1234 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mornet, S., Vasseur, S., Grasset, F., Veverka, P., Goglio, G., Demourgues, A., Portier, J., Pollert, E., Duguet, E.: Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical applications. Prog. Solid State Chem. 34, 237–247 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Luo, H., Wang, D., He, J., Lu, Y.: Magnetic cobalt nanowire thin films. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 1919–1922 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Leslie-Pelecky, D.L., Rieke, R.D.: Magnetic properties of nanostructured materials. Chem. Mater. 8, 1770–1783 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Albornoz, C., Jacobo, S.E.: Preparation of a biocompatible magnetic film from an aqueous ferrofluid. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305, 12–15 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bai, J., Wang, J.P.: High-magnetic-moment core-shell-type FeCo–Au/Ag nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 152502 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pu, Y., Tao, X., Zeng, X., Le, Y., Chen, J.F.: Synthesis of Co–Cu–Zn doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with tunable morphology and magnetic properties. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 1985–1990 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Iram, M., Guo, C., Guan, Y., Ishfaq, A., Liu, H.: Adsorption and magnetic removal of neutral red dye from aqueous solution using Fe3O4 hollow nanospheres. J. Hazard. Mater. 181, 1039–1050 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. McMullan, G., Meehan, C., Conneely, A., Kirby, N., Robinson, T., Nigam, P., Banat, I.M., Marchant, R., Smyth, W.F.: Microbial decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 56, 81–87 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu, T., Lin, T., Zhao, J., Hidaka, H., Serpone, N.: TiO2-assisted photodegradation of dyes. 9. Photooxidation of a squarylium cyanine dye in aqueous dispersions under visible light irradiation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 1379–1387 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Cheng, B., Le, Y., Cai, W., Yu, J.: Synthesis of hierarchical Ni(OH)2 and NiO nanosheets and their adsorption kinetics and isotherms to congo red in water. J. Hazard. Mater. 185, 889–897 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chatterjee, S., Lee, D.S., Lee, M.W., Woo, S.H.: Enhanced adsorption of congo red from aqueous solutions by chitosan hydrogel beads impregnated with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Bioresour. Technol. 100, 2803–2809 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yu, C., Dong, X., Guo, L., Li, J., Qin, F., Zhang, L., Shi, J., Yan, D.: Template-free preparation of mesoporous Fe2O3 and its application as absorbents. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 13378–13382 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Afkhami, A., Moosavi, R.: Adsorptive removal of congo red, a carcinogenic textile dye, from aqueous solutions by maghemite nanoparticles. J. Hazard. Mater. 174, 398–403 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Xie, X., Zhang, X., Yu, B., Gao, H., Zhang, H., Fei, W.: Rapid extraction of genomic DNA from saliva for HLA typing on microarray based on magnetic nanobeads. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 280, 164–168 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sun, Y.k., Ma, M., Zhang, Y., Gu, N.: Synthesis of nanometer-size maghemite particles from magnetite. Colloids Surf. A, Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 245, 15–19 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Gupta, A.K., Gupta, M.: Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 26, 3995–4021 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Hu, J.S., Zhong, L.S., Song, W.G., Wan, L.J.: Synthesis of hierarchically structured metal oxides and their application in heavy metal ion removal. Adv. Mater. 20, 2977–2982 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, D., Tong, Z., Li, S., Zhang, X., Ying, A.: Fabrication and characterization of hollow Fe3O4 nanospheres in a microemulsion. Mater. Lett. 62, 4053–4055 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Lee, J.H., Kim, C.K., Katoh, S., Murakami, R.: Microwave-hydrothermal versus conventional hydrothermal preparation of Ni- and Zn-ferrite powders. J. Alloys Compd. 325, 276–280 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhang, G.Y., Xu, Y.Y., Gao, D.Z., Sun, Y.Q.: α-Fe2O3 nanoplates: PEG-600 assisted hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 885–890 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Cochran, J.K.: Ceramic hollow spheres and their applications. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 3, 474–479 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Decher, G.: Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science 277, 1232–1237 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Qian, Y., Zhang, Z.: Complexing-reagent assisted synthesis of hollow CuO microspheres. Solid State Sci. 8, 462–466 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chung-Hsin, W.: Adsorption of reactive dye onto carbon nanotubes: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. J. Hazard. Mater. 144, 93–100 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yan, A., Liu, X., Yi, R., Shi, R., Zhang, N., Qiu, G.: Selective synthesis and properties of monodisperse Zn ferrite hollow nanospheres and nanosheets. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 8558–8563 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rahimi, R., Kerdari, H., Rabbani, M., Shafiee, M.: Synthesis, characterization and adsorbing properties of hollow Zn-Fe2O4 nanospheres on removal of congo red from aqueous solution. Desalination 280, 412–418 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Nakamoto, K.: Infrared Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, 6th edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Pavia, D.L.G.L., Kriz, G.S., Vyvyan, J.R.: Introduction to Spectroscopy, 4th edn. Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Pacific Grove (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tadjarodi, A., Imani, M.: A novel nanostructure of cadmium oxide synthesized by mechanochemical method. Mater. Res. Bull. 46, 1949–1954 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kumar, V.V., Sathyaselvabala, V., Premkumar, M.P., Vidyadevi, T., Sivanesan, S.: Biochemical characterization of three phase partitioned laccase and its application in decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes. J. Mol. Catal., B Enzym. 74, 63–72 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Butler, M.A.: Photoelectrolysis and physical properties of the semiconducting electrode WO3. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 1914–1920 (1977)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran

    Rahmatollah Rahimi, Azadeh Tadjarodi, Mahboubeh Rabbani & Mina Imani

  2. Department of Chemistry, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

    Hamed Kerdari

Authors
  1. Rahmatollah Rahimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Azadeh Tadjarodi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahboubeh Rabbani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hamed Kerdari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mina Imani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rahmatollah Rahimi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rahimi, R., Tadjarodi, A., Rabbani, M. et al. Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Ba-Cd-Sr-Ti Doped Fe3O4 Nanohollow Spheres on Removal of Congo Red Under Visible-Light Irradiation. J Supercond Nov Magn 26, 219–228 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-012-1716-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-012-1716-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation