Abstract
The importance of religiousness in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) has been the subject of conflicting research. The impact of religiousness on quality of life and depressive symptoms has also been poorly studied in this population. This study investigated the correlation between religiousness and quality of life in patients with IPD. We evaluated 37 patients with IPD (according to the criteria of the Movement Disorders Society) who were from an outpatient clinic specializing in movement disorders in Brazil. We assessed the patients using the Duke University Religion Index and scales for motor impairment, cognition, quality of life, and depression. Spearman’s test was used to check for possible correlations between the different dimensions of religiousness and the clinical variables analyzed. Patients with a worse quality of life and more depressive symptoms showed greater intrinsic religiousness.
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Funding
The author Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro Cavalcante has received fundings from Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program by Federal University of Piaui (PIBIC/CNPq/UFPI). The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing of the manuscript. Other authors have not received funds or other support during the preparation of this manuscript.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
Diagnostic Criteria for IPD from UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (1992)
Diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndrome |
1. Bradykinesia 2. At least one of the following (a) Muscular rigidity (b) Rest tremor (c) Postural instability not caused by visual, vestibular, cerebellar, or proprioceptive dysfunction |
Exclusion criteria for Parkinson's disease |
1. History of repeated strokes with stepwise progression of parkinsonian features 2. History of repeated head injury 3. History of definite encephalitis 4. Oculogyric crises 5. Neuroleptic treatment at onset of symptoms 6. More than one affected relative 7. Sustained remission 8. Strictly unilateral features after 3 years 9. Supranuclear gaze palsy 10. Cerebellar signs 11. Early severe autonomic involvement 12. Early severe dementia with disturbances of memory, language, and praxis 13. Babinski sign 14. Presence of cerebral tumour or communicating hydrocephalus on CT scan 15. Negative response to large doses of levodopa (if malabsorption excluded) 16. MPTP exposure |
Supportive criteria for Parkinson's disease |
(a) Three or more required (b) Rest tremor present (c) Progressive disorder (d) Persistent asymmetry affecting side of onset most (e) Excellent response (70–100%) to levodopa (f) Severe levodopa-induced chorea (g) Levodopa response for 5 years or more (h) Clinical course of 10 years or more |
Appendix 2
Diagnostic Criteria for IPD from Movement Disorders Society (2015)
Essential Criteria |
1. Bradykinesia 2. At least one of the following (a) Muscular rigidity (b) Rest tremor |
Exclusion criteria for Parkinson's disease |
1. Unequivocal cerebellar abnormalities 2. Downward vertical supranuclear gaze palsy 3. Diagnosis of probable behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or primary progressive aphasia 4. Motor features restricted to the lower limbs 5. Drug-induced parkinsonism 6. Absence of response to high-dose levodopa treatment 7. Unequivocal cortical sensory loss or ideomotor apraxia or progressive aphasia 8. Normal functional neuroimaging of the dopaminergic system 9. Alternative cause of parkinsonism according to the patient’s clinical history |
Red Flags for Parkinson's disease |
1. Rapid progression of gait impairment 2. Absence of progression of motor symptoms over 5 years 3. Early bulbar dysfunction within first 5 years of disease 4. Inspiratory respiratory dysfunction 5. Severe autonomic symptoms within first 5 years of disease 6. Recurrent falls within first 3 years of disease 7. Disproportionate anterocollis or contractures of hand or feet within first 10 years of disease 8. Absence of any common nonmotor feature of disease within first 5 years of disease 9. Otherwise-unexplained pyramidal tract signs 10. Bilateral symmetric parkinsonism |
Supportive criteria for Parkinson's disease |
1. Clear response to dopaminergic therapy 2. Presence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia 3. Rest tremor of a limb 4. Presence of either olfactory loss or cardiac sympathetic denervation |
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Cavalcante, C.E.C., Rodrigues, K.C.S., Corrêa, M.R. et al. Association between Religiousness and Quality of Life among Patients in Brazil diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. J Relig Health (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02051-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02051-2