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A green one-pot three-component syntheses of tetrazole under microwave irradiation using Ni Schiff base complex of mixed ligands on MCM-41 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst

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Abstract

We have synthesized a new class of mixed ligand Ni complex using vanillin and 1,10-phenanthroline followed by anchoring it on mesoporous MCM-41. The ligand, complex and Ni-MCM-41 were characterized by FT-IR, PXRD, N2 adsorption and desorption, EDX, SEM and TEM microscopy, ICP-OES and TGA. The Ni-MCM-41 was utilized as a catalyst for the syntheses of 5-substituted tetrazoles by one-pot three-component reaction of various aldehydes (aryl, aryl with fused ring, aryl with extended conjugation, heterocyclic and aliphatic) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium azide under conventional heating (6 h) /microwave irradiation (30 min) at 120 °C in DMF. The influence of solvent, temperature, catalyst loading and time on the reaction was discussed. In general, the microwave irradiation technique gave better yields at lesser reaction time when compared to conventional heating. The catalyst gave good to excellent yields irrespective of the nature of the substrate and its substituents. Hot filtration test has been corroborated that there was no leaching of metal during the catalytic reaction, indicating the stability of heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Heterogeneous nature, reusability, shorter reaction time, wide scope of substrates, multi-component reaction and microwave irradiation technique are the uniqueness of our catalyst.

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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support from the University Grants Commission (UGC-BSR) F.30-319/2016 (BSR) Government of India, New Delhi, India. The first author acknowledges to University Grant Commission-Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship (UGC-RGNF) (Grant No: RGNF-2015-17-SC-TAM-21024) research grant for their financial support.

Funding

This study was funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC-BSR) F.30–319/2016 (BSR)/Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship (UGC-RGNF) (Grant No: RGNF-2015–17-SC-TAM-21024), Government of India, New Delhi, India.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Periyar University,, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India

    M. Bharathi, S. Indira, G. Vinoth, Denzil Britto Christopher Leslee & K. Shanmuga Bharathi

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  1. M. Bharathi
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  3. G. Vinoth
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Contributions

MB: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing- review & editing. S. Indira and GV: Resources and Software. CDB: Software, Resources, Validation. KSB: Data curation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing- review & editing.

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Correspondence to K. Shanmuga Bharathi.

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Bharathi, M., Indira, S., Vinoth, G. et al. A green one-pot three-component syntheses of tetrazole under microwave irradiation using Ni Schiff base complex of mixed ligands on MCM-41 as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst. J Porous Mater 30, 691–703 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01369-0

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