Abstract
Ever-increasing application domains of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels place a higher demand on the diverse wettability. This work prepares hydrophilic Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels under ambient pressure (APD) using 25 ml water and ethanol (EtOH) as co-solvents (12–36 vol% ethanol) and CTAB as a surfactant. We also find that the unique Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels with hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic interior are prepared when the volume fraction of EtOH ranges between 0 and 12 vol% and 36–60 vol%. The surface consists of a thin layer derived from the dissolved CTAB, which is responsible for the hydrophilicity of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the interior of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels are related to the aggregation form of CTAB in EtOH-water mixed solvent. Too low or too high volume fraction of ethanol causes CTAB to form micellar aggregates, resulting in hydrophobicity. Further study reveals that the microstructures of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels including skeletal size and silica particle size are significantly affected by the volume fraction of EtOH in co-solvent, which further influences the content of CTAB. In summary, the work provides a new method for the preparation of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels with hydrophilicity, which enables the customization of the wettability of Methylsilsesquioxane aerogels and facilitates the expansion of their diverse applications.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.V. Rao, S.D. Bhagat, H. Hirashima, G.M. Pajonk, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 300, 279 (2006)
S.S. Kistler, Nature 127, 741 (1931)
H. Yu, X. Liang, J. Wang, M. Wang, S. Yang, Solid State Sci. 48, 155 (2015)
A.P. Rao, A.V. Rao, G.M. Pajonk, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 36, 285 (2005)
S. Yun, H. Luo, Y. Gao, RSC Adv. 4, 4535 (2014)
A. Soleimani Dorcheh, M.H. Abbasi, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 199, 10 (2008)
Z. Li, S. Zhao, M.M. Koebel, W.J. Malfait, 41 (n.d.)
J. Yang, H. Wu, G. Huang, Y. Liang, Y. Liao, Mater. Des. 133, 224 (2017)
E. Cuce, P.M. Cuce, C.J. Wood, S.B. Riffat, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 34, 273 (2014)
I. Smirnova, J. Mamic, W. Arlt, Langmuir 19, 8521 (2003)
I. Smirnova, S. Suttiruengwong, W. Arlt, J. Non-Cryst Solids 350, 54 (2004)
I. Smirnova, S. Suttiruengwong, M. Seiler, W. Arlt, Pharm. Dev. Technol. 9, 443 (2005)
A. Venkateswara Rao, N.D. Hegde, H. Hirashima, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 305, 124 (2007)
C.K. Leung, L. Lu, Y. Liu, H.S. Cheng, J.H. Tse, Energy Built Environ. 1, 215 (2020)
C. Buratti, E. Belloni, F. Merli, M. Zinzi, Energy Build. 231, 110587 (2021)
R. Baetens, B.P. Jelle, A. Gustavsen, Energy Build. 43, 761 (2011)
A.A. Günay, H. Kim, N. Nagarajan, M. Lopez, R. Kantharaj, A. Alsaati, A. Marconnet, A. Lenert, N. Miljkovic, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 12603 (2018)
E. Meyer, B. Milow, L. Ratke, J. Supercrit Fluids 106, 62 (2015)
N. Bheekhun, A.R. Abu Talib, M.R. Hassan, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2013, 1 (2013)
A.P. Rao, A.V. Rao, G.M. Pajonk, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 6032 (2007)
Z. Li, X. Cheng, S. He, X. Shi, H. Yang, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 76, 138 (2015)
S. Štandeker, Z. Novak, Ž Knez, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 310, 362 (2007)
G. John, P.R. Reynolds, Coronado, L.W. Hrubesh, J. Non-Cryst Solids 292, 127 (2001)
Y. Yu, X. Wu, J. Fang, J. Mater. Sci. 50, 5115 (2015)
G. Wu, Y. Yu, X. Cheng, Y. Zhang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 129, 308 (2011)
D.B. Mahadik, A.V. Rao, A.P. Rao, P.B. Wagh, S.V. Ingale, S.C. Gupta, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 356, 298 (2011)
Y. Wang, Z. Li, L. Huber, X. Wu, S. Huang, Y. Zhang, R. Huang, Q. Liu, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 93, 111 (2020)
S. Huang, X. Wu, Z. Li, L. Shi, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, J. Porous Mater. 27, 1241 (2020)
A.V. Rao, M.M. Kulkarni, D.P. Amalnerkar, T. Seth, J. Non-Cryst Solids 330, 187 (2003)
Z. Li, Y. Zhang, S. Huang, X. Wu, L. Shi, Q. Liu, J. Nanoparticle Res. 22, 334 (2020)
D.Y. Nadargi, S.S. Latthe, H. Hirashima, A.V. Rao, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 117, 617 (2009)
C.J. Brinker, G.W. Scherer, Sol-Gel Sci (Elsevier, 1990), pp. 452–513
W. Wei, H. Hu, X. Ji, Z. Yan, W. Sun, J. Xie, Water Sci. Technol. 78, 402 (2018)
C.A. Schneider, W.S. Rasband, K.W. Eliceiri, Nat. Methods 9, 671 (2012)
X. Han, K.T. Hassan, A. Harvey, D. Kulijer, A. Oila, M.R.C. Hunt, L. Šiller, Adv. Mater. 30, 1706294 (2018)
C.M. Phan, J. Mol. Liq 342, 117505 (2021)
V.G. Parale, D.B. Mahadik, S.A. Mahadik, M.S. Kavale, A.V. Rao, P.B. Wagh, 7 (2012)
Z. Li, X. Cheng, S. He, X. Shi, L. Gong, H. Zhang, Compos. Part. Appl. Sci. Manuf. 84, 316 (2016)
S. Meng, J. Zhang, C. Wu, Y. Zhang, Q. Xiao, G. Lu, Mol. Simul. 40, 1052 (2014)
Y. Luo, Z. Li, W. Zhang, H. Yan, Y. Wang, M. Li, Q. Liu, J. Non-Cryst Solids 503–504, 214 (2019)
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51904336 and 52274248) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2020JJ4714).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Mengtian Sun, Liling Wu, and Zhi Li wrote the main manuscript text. Yang Wang and Xiaowu Wang prepared Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Qiong Liu and Ming Li prepared Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, M., Wu, L., Wang, Y. et al. Preparation and characterization of hydrophilic methylsilsesquioxane aerogels through adjusting the water/ethanol ratio. J Porous Mater 30, 681–690 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01368-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-022-01368-1