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Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different silver-exchanged nano and micronized zeolites prepared by microwave technique

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Abstract

Silver-loaded micro (m) and nano (n)-sized three different low silica/alumina frameworks of Zeolite-A (ZA), Faujasite-NaX (ZX) and Analcime (ANA) were prepared from refined kaolin via microwave technique at different temperatures (80–160 °C) and durations (30 min–2 h). The properties of the parent and Ag-exchanged powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and BET particle size porosimetry. The obtained results showed that, the amount of loaded (wt/wt%) silver of each zeolite depended mainly on its Si/Al ratio, specific surface area and chemical stability against the conditions of ion exchange process (70 °C/6 h). The nano-zeolites retained higher silver amounts than their micronized forms, however their minute particles suffered relative chemical instability and partial decay in the exchanging solution. The antimicrobial activities of Ag-substituted zeolites against four different test microbes Staphylococcus aureus (G+ve bacteria) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G−ve bacteria), Candida albicans (yeast) and Aspergillus niger (fungi) were evaluated using agar plate method and recorded by measuring the diameter of the clear zones around each zeolite film. All zeolites are showing nearly the same inhibition effect againest each individual microbial species, with slight significant differences between micro and nanoforms. However, the zeolite efficiency in supressing different micropes is best expressed in the following sequence; ANA > ZX > ZA, which is the same sequence obtained for their Ag-retention ability in the bulky powders. The antimicrobial efficacy of each zeolite depended on the total amount of Ag+ loaded into pores and cavities by the cation exchange capacity (CEC), as well as those adhered onto its available surfaces by physical adsorption.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the National Research Centre, the microwave laboratory, for supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ceramics, Refractories and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Egypt

    H. F. Youssef

  2. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Egypt

    M. S. Abdel-Aziz

  3. Medical Division, Hormones Department, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt

    F. K. Fouda

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  1. H. F. Youssef
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  2. M. S. Abdel-Aziz
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  3. F. K. Fouda
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Correspondence to H. F. Youssef.

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Youssef, H.F., Abdel-Aziz, M.S. & Fouda, F.K. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different silver-exchanged nano and micronized zeolites prepared by microwave technique. J Porous Mater 24, 947–957 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-016-0334-5

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