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Synthesis and characterization of Cr-pillared clays: modelling using factorial design methodology

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Abstract

Cr-pillared interlayered clays (Cr-PILCs) have been prepared from natural calcium bentonite originating from a Romanian deposit and the effect of some parameters on the chemical and textural properties have been investigated. The crude bentonite and the derived materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption technique, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The specific surface area values, the pore size distribution, morphological characteristics and the basal spacing of the Cr-PILCs are strongly affected by the process parameters. The influence of three relevant factors (metal/clay ratio, calcination temperature and calcination duration) on the specific surface areas of the Romanian Cr-PILCs was investigated using a 33 factorial design methodology. The optimum conditions to obtain Cr-PILCs with a specific surface area of 183 m2/g (more than four times higher than the raw material) were as follows: metal/clay ratio of 10 mmols/g, calcination temperature 300 °C and calcination duration 60 min. The model developed in this paper predicts very well the experimental results. Due to the high porosity and adsorption properties, the prepared Cr-PILCs have great potential in remediation of industrial liquid effluents.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was realized with the support of BRAIN project: “Doctoral scholarships as an investment in intelligence”, financed by the European Social Found and Romanian Government. These results were achieved thanks to the support of the SPCTS Laboratory and in particular of T. Chartier, M. Soustre, R. Mayet, P. Carles and I. Julien.

Ethical standard

The authors declare that the experiments comply with the current laws of the countries in which they were performed.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Chemical and Food Engineering Department, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti Street, 600115, Bacau, Romania

    Ana-Maria Georgescu & Ileana Denisa Nistor

  2. SPCTS, UMR 7315 CNRS, University of Limoges / CEC, 12 Rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges Cedex, France

    Ana-Maria Georgescu, Claude Penot & Françoise Nardou

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Managerial and Technological Engineering Center of Research, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacău, 157 Calea Mărăşeşti Street, 600115, Bacau, Romania

    Gheorghe Brabie

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  1. Ana-Maria Georgescu
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Correspondence to Ana-Maria Georgescu.

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Georgescu, AM., Brabie, G., Nistor, I.D. et al. Synthesis and characterization of Cr-pillared clays: modelling using factorial design methodology. J Porous Mater 22, 1009–1019 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-9975-z

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