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An illustrated guide of subfossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from waterbodies of Central America and the Yucatan Peninsula

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Abstract

We provide a photographic guide and taxonomic diagnosis of Chironomidae larval remains obtained from surface sediments and short cores of 92 waterbodies situated on the Yucatan Peninsula and in Central America, namely Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. A total of 101 morphotypes belonging to 64 genera were identified. Chironominae was the most species-rich subfamily represented by 57 morphotypes of 34 genera. The most widespread and abundant genus was Goeldichironomus followed by Chironomus and Polypedilum. Orthocladiinae were represented by 26 morphotypes and 17 genera, with the most common one being Cricotopus. Remains of this subfamily were recorded in only \({^{1} \!\mathord{\left/ \!{\vphantom {\left(d+4\right)}} \right.} _{5}}\) of the surveyed lakes. Tanypodinae included 17 morphotypes belonging to 12 genera. Labrundinia along with Ablabesmyia and Coelotanypus were the most common genera. Subfamily Podonominae was represented by the genus Parochlus. We believe that our study includes most of the Chironomidae genera of Central America and will have broad applicability for both paleolimnologists and aquatic ecologists.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Antje Schwalb, Liseth Pérez (TU Braunschweig, Germany), Sergio Cohuo Duran, Laura Macario-Gonzales (Tecnológico Nacional de México, Quintana Roo), Krystyna Szeroczyńska and Edyta Zawisza (Institute of Geological Sciences PAN, Poland) for providing surface-sediment samples. We appreciate the help of all colleagues and students that supported field trips. Special thanks to the following institutions: ECOSUR and UNAM-Mexico, AMUPROLAGO-Honduras, UVG-Guatemala, CONAP-Guatemala, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente-El Salvador. The field trips were funded by DFG (Projects SCHW 671/3; SCHW 671/16). We are grateful to Martin Spies, John Epler, Torbjørn Ekrem, Luiz Carlos Pinho, Susana Trivinho-Strixino, Sofia Wiedenbrug and the Chironomid Exchange Forum for advice and help with identification of some “mystery midges”. We are indebted to Marta Wojewódka, ING PAN, Poland, for creating the map of localities, polishing Figure 2 and all the help with sample processing, and P.S. Cranston for providing us with some chironomid photographs. Valuable remarks of Peter Bitušík on the previous version of the manuscript are greatly acknowledged. F.L. Silva was supported by fellowships from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—2014/9239-13-8) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP—2016/07039-8, 2018/01507-5, 2019/25567-0 and 2021/08464-2). This study was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, contract no. 2015/19/P/ST10/04048. The project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 665778 and was partly supported by Slovak Scientific Grant Agency (VEGA), project No. 1/0341/18.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia

    L. Hamerlík

  2. Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    L. Hamerlík

  3. Laboratory of Systematic and Biogeography of Insecta, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    F. L. Silva

  4. CENAC/APN, Programa de Estudios Aplicados a La Biodiversidad del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, CONICET, Fagnano 244, 8400, SC de Bariloche, Argentina

    J. Massaferro

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  1. L. Hamerlík
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  2. F. L. Silva
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  3. J. Massaferro
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Correspondence to J. Massaferro.

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Hamerlík, L., Silva, F.L. & Massaferro, J. An illustrated guide of subfossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from waterbodies of Central America and the Yucatan Peninsula. J Paleolimnol 67, 201–258 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-021-00225-6

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