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Hemp Seed Oil Derived Rigid Polyurethane Foams and Their Underlying Flame Retardancy Properties

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Abstract

Green manufacturing and reducing our cultural dependency on petrochemicals have been the global interest currently, especially in the polyurethane industry segments. We report the fabrication of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) and their flame-retardant property from hemp seed oil as an alternative to petrochemical-based polyols. The cold-pressed hemp-seed oil (HSO) was first oxidized to epoxidized triglyceride oils with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, followed by a ring-opening reaction with methanol to fabricate hemp bio-polyols. The formation of polyols was characterized using FT-IR, hydroxyl, and acid values. The bio-polyol was used in different proportions with commercial polyols and other foaming ingredients to produce rigid polyurethane foams via a one-step process. Dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and expandable graphite (EG) were added during the foam preparation to improve flame retardancy. The produced foams were analyzed for their apparent density, mechanical properties, thermal degradation behavior, closed cell content, flammability, and cellular morphology. The effect of different flame retardants had a significant influence on the cellular structures, closed-cell content, density, and compressive strength of the polyurethane. A significant improvement in anti-flaming properties was observed as the neat HSO-based foam showed a burning time of 110 s and a weight loss of 82%, whereas 10 wt% of TEP displayed a reduced burning time and weight loss of 19 s and 5%, respectively. DMMP and EG-based RPUFs exhibited similar flame retardancy and mechanical properties relative to neat HSO-based foam. The results demonstrated in this work proposed a potential combination of bio-polyols and commercial polyols as a strategy to fabricate flame-retardant polyurethane foam for high-performance applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST award number 70NANB20D146) and the U.S. Economic Development Administration (US-EDA award number 05-79-06038) for providing research infrastructure funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway Street, Kansas, 66762, USA

    Sagar Jariwala, Yash N. Desai & Ram K. Gupta

  2. National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, 1204 Research Road, Kansas, 66762, USA

    Sagar Jariwala, Yash N. Desai, Pranabesh Sahu & Ram K. Gupta

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  1. Sagar Jariwala
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  2. Yash N. Desai
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  3. Pranabesh Sahu
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Contributions

S.J.: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation. Y.N.D.: Data curation, Formal analysis. P.S.: Formal analysis, Writing-original draft; Writing-review & editing. R.K.G.: Conceptualization, Resources, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Validation, Writing-review & editing.

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Correspondence to Pranabesh Sahu or Ram K. Gupta.

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Jariwala, S., Desai, Y.N., Sahu, P. et al. Hemp Seed Oil Derived Rigid Polyurethane Foams and Their Underlying Flame Retardancy Properties. J Polym Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03215-7

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