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Development of Microstructured Chitosan Nanocapsules with Immobilized Lipase

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Abstract

This study developed three microstructured chitosan nanocapsules with immobilized lipase to explore chitosan-lipase interactions at different pH levels. Chitosan undergoes complete protonation or deprotonation based on pH level. Three distinct pH levels were examined: 5.5, where chitosan is fully protonated; 6.5, where chitosan is partially protonated/deprotonated; and 7.5, where chitosan is fully deprotonated. The nanocapsules exhibited nanoscale dimensions and the microstructures showed porous morphology. Immobilized lipase showed improved temperature stability, compared to free enzyme, especially in lipase supports at pH 5.5 and 7.5 due to electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The interactions between chitosan and lipase influenced the microenvironment around the active site, resulting in an optimum pH of 8 for all supports. Immobilized lipase at pH 5.5 and 7.5 displayed the best reusability in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate under reaction conditions of 37 °C and pH 8. During refrigeration storage, all immobilized lipases maintained total activity for 7 days, but lipase immobilized at pH 6.5 maintained more the activity after 28 days. Therefore, this study has developed promising immobilized lipase, standing out not only for industrial application concerning cost-effectiveness, but also for the innovation in investigating the influence of chitosan-lipase interactions during immobilization.

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Data Availability

The data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like also to thank Nanosul/FURG of the Associate Laboratory of the National System of Laboratories in Nanotechnology (SisNANO)/Brazil, Center for Electron Microscopy of the South Zone (CEME-SUL)/FURG/Brazil, and Integrated Analysis Center of the Federal University of Rio Grande (CIA)/FURG/Brazil for research support.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/Brazil - Finance Code 001, the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)/Brazil, the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do RS (FAPERGS)/Brazil, the Secretaria de Desenvolvimento, Ciência e Tecnologia/RS/Brazil (projects DCIT 70/2015 and DCIT 77/2016) for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, 96160-000, Brazil

    Eduardo Silveira Ribeiro & Patricia Silva Diaz

  2. School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), km 8 – Itália Avenue, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Brazil

    Bruno Roswag Machado, Bruna Silva de Farias, Lucielen Oliveira dos Santos, Susan Hartwig Duarte, Tito Roberto Sant’Anna Cadaval Junior & Luiz Antonio de Almeida Pinto

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  1. Eduardo Silveira Ribeiro
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  2. Bruno Roswag Machado
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  3. Bruna Silva de Farias
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Contributions

E. S. R.: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Review and editing, Data curation. B. R. M.: Investigation, Formal analysis. B. S. F.: Conceptualization, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing—Review and editing, Data curation. L. O. S.: Project administration, Funding acquisition. S. H. D.: Project administration, Funding acquisition. T. R. S. C. Jr: Project administration, Funding acquisition. L. A. A. P.: Project administration, Funding acquisition. Patrícia Silva Diaz: Conceptualization, visualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Eduardo Silveira Ribeiro.

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Ribeiro, E.S., Machado, B.R., de Farias, B.S. et al. Development of Microstructured Chitosan Nanocapsules with Immobilized Lipase. J Polym Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03187-8

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