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Bilayer Wound Dressing Composed of Allograft Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan and Silicone: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Behavior

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Abstract

Restoring the physiological function of the damaged skin is crucial due to its undeniable protective role as well as its aesthetic aspects. Herein, a novel bilayer freeze-dried scaffold comprised of allograft collagen and glycosaminoglycan (Col-GAG; the biocompatible inner layer) adhered to silicone (mechanically reinforcing component) utilizing gelatin as the bio-glue was prepared to benefit from each origin (human-derived and synthetic) advantages. The structural characterizations of the scaffolds were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile stress test, water uptake behavior, and Water Vapor Permeability (WVP). Also, the scaffolds' cytocompatibility was assessed by culturing human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) on the samples. Furthermore, the in vivo functionality was performed by implanting the scaffolds in male mice and observing the cellularization as well as neovascularization by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and CD31 marker. Based on the results, the potentially amorphous scaffolds were three-dimensional (3D) porous with randomly oriented interconnected pores suitable for cellular ingrowth. The application of the silicone layer resulted in resisting the extra osmotic pressure of water molecules by decreasing the water uptake ratio to 59.2 ± 0.33%, maintaining the WVP at an approximate rate of 0.1–10 mg/cm2hr, and boosting the tensile strength to 1.66 ± 0.12 MPa. The grafts provided an optimum environment for cell attachment and presented cellular viability upper than 70% after 72h. In vivo assessment exhibited improved perivascular localization, with the cell migration rate approximating 64%. The outcomes indicated that the achieved scaffold holds promise as an ideal wound dressing.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Funding

This research was supported financially by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) under Grant Number 4003142, with partial support from the Iranian Tissue Product Company.

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Author notes

  1. Fatemeh Forouzandeh and Sara Tabatabaee have equally contributed and are Co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Forouzandeh & Nafiseh Baheiraei

  2. Department of Bio‑Computing, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technologies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Sara Tabatabaee & Hossein Mostajeran

  3. Research and Development Department, Iranian Tissue Product Company, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Samanipour

  4. Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amirhossein Tavakoli

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  1. Fatemeh Forouzandeh
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Contributions

All authors contributed in preparing the bilayer wound dressing. FF and HM performed the characterizations and ST analyzed the data and prepared the outcomes. ST and FF wrote and revised the main manuscript text (equally as the first author) with partial contribution of HM. NB, RS, and AT reviewed the manuscript. Also, NB monitored the whole process.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nafiseh Baheiraei or Amirhossein Tavakoli.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Animal investigations were approved by the Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University, Iran (IR.MODARES.AEC.1402.013).

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Forouzandeh, F., Tabatabaee, S., Baheiraei, N. et al. Bilayer Wound Dressing Composed of Allograft Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan and Silicone: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Behavior. J Polym Environ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-03095-3

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