Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exploration of the Effect of Chitosan and Crosslinking Agent Concentration on the Properties of Dual Responsive Chitosan-g-Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Co-polymeric Particles

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to synthesize and evaluate the effect of change in concentration of chitosan (CS) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)- a cross linking agent, on various properties such as lower critical solution temperature (LCST), zeta potential, particle size and poly dispersity index (PDI) of the synthesized co-polymer. Nine different formulations of chitosan-g-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS-g-PNIPAAm) co-polymer with varying CS and MBA concentrations were synthesized by a surfactant free dispersion copolymerization method. The synthesized co-polymer was further characterized and confirmed for its structure, morphology, particle size, zeta-potential, thermo and pH responsive properties, in-vitro cyto-compatability and stability studies using various analytical tools. The data confirms the successful synthesis of co-polymer. The increase in the concentrations of CS and MBA during the polymerization of co-polymer, resulted in proportional increase of LCST and zeta potential with decrease in particle size of co-polymeric nanoparticles. pH responsive studies showed that as the pH of the medium increases particle size and zeta potential decreases with increase in LCST of co-polymeric nanoparticles. From the results, it can be inferred that the synthesized co-polymeric nanoparticles exerted thermo and pH responsive properties with biocompatibility. By varying the CS and MBA concentrations in the co-polymer, desired LCST, particle size and zeta potential for co-polymeric nanoparticles can be obtained and thus the synthesized co-polymer may have great potential to be used as a drug carrier (nanoform) with both thermo and pH responsiveness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Recillas M, Silva LL, Peniche C, Goycoolea FM, Rinaudo M, Argüelles-Monal WM (2009) Thermoresponsive behavior of chitosan-g-N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer solutions. Biomacromolecules 10:1633–1641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Han J, Wang K, Yang D, Nie J (2009) Photopolymerization of methacrylated chitosan/PNIPAAm hybrid dual-sensitive hydrogels as carrier for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 44:229–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Manasir N, Zhu K, Kjøniksen AL, Knudsen KD, Karlsson G, Nyström B (2009) Effects of temperature and pH on the contraction and aggregation of microgels in aqueous suspensions. J Phys Chem B 113:11115–11123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pelton R (2010) Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is never hydrophobic. J Colloid Interface Sci 348:673–674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chuang CY, Don TM, Chiu WY (2009) Synthesis of chitosan-based thermo- and pH-responsive porous nanoparticles by temperature-dependent self-assembly method and their application in drug release. J Polym Sci Part A 47:5126–5136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang X, Zhuo R, Cui J, Zhang J (2002) A novel thermo-responsive drug delivery system with positive controlled release. Int J Pharm 235:43–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lin CL, Chiu WY, Lee CF (2005) Preparation of thermoresponsive core-shell copolymer latex with potential use in drug targeting. J Colloid Interface Sci 290:397–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Li F, Wu H, Zhang H, Li F, Yang TH, Gu CH et al (2008) Novel super pH sensitive nanoparticles responsive to tumor extracellular pH. Carbohydr Polym 73:390–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li F, Wu H, Zhang H, Gu CH, Yang Q (2009) Antitumor drug paclitaxel loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles targeting tumor extracellular pH. Carbohydr Polym 77:773–778

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cunxian D, Dianrui Z, Feihu W, Dandan Z, Lejiao J, Feifei F et al (2011) Chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) based nanogels for tumor extracellular targeting. Int J Pharm 409:252–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rejinold NS, Sreerekha PR, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R (2011) Biocompatible, biodegradable and thermo-sensitive chitosan-g-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocarriers for curcumin drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 49:161–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang T, Li G, Guo L, Chen H (2012) Synthesis of thermo-sensitive CS-g-PNIPAM/CMC complex nanoparticles for controlled release of 5-FU. Int J Biol Macromol 51:1109–1115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao SP, Zhou F, Li LY (2012) pH- and temperature-responsive behaviors of hydrogels resulting from the photopolymerization of allylated chitosan and N-isopropylacrylamide, and their drug release profiles. J Poly Res 19:9944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Tejabhiram Y, Shivaraman R, Gopalakrishnan C, Isaac M, Helen AT, Ramasamy C (2015) Dual responsive PNIPAM–chitosan targeted magnetic nanopolymers for targeted drug delivery. J Magn Magn Mater 380:315–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Yuan H, Li B, Liang K, Lou X, Zhang Y (2014) Regulating drug release from pH- and temperature-responsive electrospun CTS-g-PNIPAAm/poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogel nanofibers. Biomed Mater 9:055001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fan J, Chen J, Yang L, Lin H & Cao F (2009). Preparation of dual-sensitive graft copolymer hydrogel based on N-maleoyl-chitosan and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by electron beam radiation. Bull Mater Sci 32(5):521–526.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chuang CY, Don TM, Chiu WY (2011) Preparation of environmental-responsive chitosan-based nanoparticles by self-assembly method. Carbohydr Polym 84(2):765–769

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rejinold NS, Muthunarayanan M, Divyarani VV, Sreerekha PR, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Tamura H, Jayakumar R (2011) Curcumin-loaded biocompatible thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 360(1):39–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jocic D, Tourrette A, Glampedaki P, Warmoeskerken MMCG (2009) Application of temperature and pH responsive micro hydrogels for functional finishing of cotton fabric. Mater Technol 24(1):14–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee CF, Wen CJ, Lin CL, Chiu WY (2004) Morphology and temperature responsiveness-swelling relationship of poly (N-isopropylamide-chitosan) copolymers and their application to drug release. J Polym. Sci Part A 42:3029–3037.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nascimento NN, Curti PS, Maia AMS, Balaban RC (2013) Temperature and pH effects on the stability and rheological behavior of the aqueous suspensions of smart polymers based on N-isopropylacrylamide, chitosan, and acrylic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 129:334–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Abbas A, Muhammad BH, Othman, Boon PC and Hazizan MA (2015) Synthesis, physicochemical and stability studies of chitosan-PNIPAM based responsive microgels under various pH and temperature conditions. Iran Polym J 24:317–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wang W, Yu W (2015) Preparation and characterization of CS-g-PNIPAAm microgels andapplication in a water vapour-permeable fabric. Carbohydr Polym 127:11–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mahdavinia GR, Pourjavadi A, Hosseinzadeh H, Zohuriaan MJ (2004) Modified chitosan 4. Super absorbent hydrogels from poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) grafted chitosan with salt- and pH-responsiveness properties. Eur Polym J 40:1399–1407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu W, Huang Y, Liu H and Hu Y (2007) Composite structure of temperature sensitive chitosan microgel and anomalous behavior in alcohol solutions. J Colloid Interf Sci 313:117–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Leung MF, Zhu J, Harris FW, Li P (2004) New route to smart core-shell polymeric microgels: synthesis and properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 25:1819–1823.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sahar M, Maleyhe A, Hossein S, Hadis S, Farnosha K (2014) Synthesis and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-based hydrogel. Int J Biosci 4:114–118

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chiu YL, Chen SC, Su CJ, Hsiao CW, Chen YM, Chen HL, Sung HW (2009) pH-triggered injectable hydrogels prepared from aqueous N-palmitoyl chitosan: in vitro characteristics and in vivo biocompatibility. Biomaterials 30:4877–4888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fan L, Hong W, HuiZ, Fei L, Chun-hu G, Qian Y (2009) Antitumor drug paclitaxel-loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles targeting tumor extracellular pH. Carbohydr Polym 77:773–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Lin CL, Chiu WY, Lee CF (2005) Thermal/pH-sensitive core-shell copolymer latex and its potential for targeting drug carrier application. Polymer 46(2005):10092–10101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Huang S, Shen J, Li N, Ye M (2015) Dual pH- and temperature-responsive hydrogels with extraordinary swelling/deswelling behavior and enhanced mechanical performances. J Appl Polym Sci 132:41530.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bashari A, Hemmatinejad N, Pourjavadi A (2013) Surface modification of cot-ton fabric with dual-responsive PNIPAAm/chitosan nano hydrogel. Polym Adv Technol 24:797–806

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Qiao P, Niu QS, Wang ZB, Cao DP (2010) Synthesis of thermosensitive micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(l-alanine) for controlled release of adriamycin. Chem Eng J 159:257–263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to KLE University, Belagavi for provinding grant to perform this research work. Authors extend their regards to Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE University Belagavi for providing their amenities to carry out this work. The authors are also thankful to Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India for providing chitosan as gift sample.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE University’s College of Pharmacy, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India

    Archana S. Patil, Anand P. Gadad & Panchakshari M. Dandagi

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE Society’s College of Pharmacy, Akkol Road, Nippani, Karnataka, India

    Ravindra D. Hiremath

Authors
  1. Archana S. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anand P. Gadad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ravindra D. Hiremath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Panchakshari M. Dandagi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Archana S. Patil.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 43 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patil, A.S., Gadad, A.P., Hiremath, R.D. et al. Exploration of the Effect of Chitosan and Crosslinking Agent Concentration on the Properties of Dual Responsive Chitosan-g-Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Co-polymeric Particles. J Polym Environ 26, 596–606 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0971-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0971-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation