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Scattering Analysis of Glaze Ice Accretion on CFRP Laminated Composite Plate Structures Using Ultrasonic Lamb Waves: Towards Aviation Safety

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Abstract

The ice formation over the aerofoil structure of the aircraft wing has been an obstruction as they abrupt the airflow, acting as drag. The investigation will intend to determine ice accumulation on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), approximated as ice build-up on aircraft wings. The observation is carried out over quasi-isotropic composite laminates using ultrasonic-guided waves with a central working frequency regime of 100 kHz. The three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulations are performed to observe the scattering effect to explore the reflection site in the far field. This effect was quite prominent for different thicknesses of Glaze ice (G-Ice) and was found to be strongly linked with the wave propagation and dispersion effect. The scattering results for the reflection of Lamb mode, when it interacted with the G-Ice interface, were quite noteworthy along the angular region rather than on the center line, indicating that the scattering was more prominent due to the presence of a 45° or (− 45)-degree fiber orientation in that laminate. A similar but complex scattering phenomenon was observed for different stacking sequences where the wave propagation angle and its amplitude at the receiver nodes are found to be closely bound with the exponential decay in group/phase velocity for the ice thicknesses studied. The FE approach is verified, and the results are validated analytically. Analytically, we have investigated a much-closed approximation with the detectability obtained from three-dimensional studies. Where the dispersion study performed has also contributed to verifying the present investigation in the long wavelength limits. This study can reveal the various optimized locations for placing the sensor for ice detection and quantification, which can be further helpful for practical guided wave inspection in ice detection and its removal.

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author is very grateful to the Center for Nondestructive Evaluation Indian Institute of Technology Madras for allowing them to access Disperse for wave dispersion analysis. The authors thank Dr. Rajan Prasad, Assistant Professor IIT Delhi, and Dr. Pankaj Dhaka Research Scientist at General Electricals Bangalore, for contributing to the technical discussion in FE modelling.

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  1. Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India

    Saurabh Gupta & Siddesh Sutrave

  2. Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Saurabh Gupta

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Contributions

SG wrote the major technical portion of the manuscript and contributed to analyzing all the FE and scattering results presented. He is also responsible for performing all the analytical-based studies and contributing to generating the SDP patterns by writing the codes in math works. SS contributes to generating the 3D FE results using commercially available software and dispersion results. And assists in writing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Saurabh Gupta.

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All the authors of the research work titled “Scattering Analysis of Glaze Ice Accretion on CFRP Laminated Composite Plate Structures Using Ultrasonic Lamb Waves: Towards Aviation Safety” gives their consent for publishing their investigation in the Journal of Nondestructive of Evaluation (Published by Springer/1573-4862).

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Research Domain: UT Guided Waves in Complex Composites Structures, Scattering, Icing and De-Icing.

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Gupta, S., Sutrave, S. Scattering Analysis of Glaze Ice Accretion on CFRP Laminated Composite Plate Structures Using Ultrasonic Lamb Waves: Towards Aviation Safety. J Nondestruct Eval 43, 13 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-023-01030-z

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