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Modeling the Relative Contribution of Matrix Dislocations and M23C6 Coarsening to Acoustic Nonlinearity in 9Cr-1Mo Stainless Steel

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Abstract

9Cr-1Mo tempered martensite stainless steels are highly desirable for their corrosion resistance and creep strength. Standard austenitizing followed by thermal aging of the material results in several microstructural processes that can affect the classical nonlinearity β. These include dislocation density decreases over time and carbide precipitation and growth in the material. This research explores contributions to β by combined processes of dislocation reduction and grain boundary precipitate M23C6 growth in a 9Cr-1Mo steel. The Thermo-Calc DICTRA module is used to predict the coarsening of grain boundary M23C6 and this is verified through experimental measurement via SEM. Dislocation density reduction models are based on experimental data from previous measurements of dislocation density in heat-treated 9Cr-1Mo. The predictions of radius and dislocation density are then applied to relationships established by simplified physics-based models. The model shows good qualitative agreement with experimental results, though further exploration of modeling assumptions is needed before definitive quantitative modeling can be done.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

This material is based upon work supported under an Integrated University Program Graduate Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA

    Brian Fuchs & Laurence J. Jacobs

  2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA

    Jin-Yeon Kim & Laurence J. Jacobs

  3. Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México

    Vania M. Rodríguez & Alberto Ruiz

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  1. Brian Fuchs
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  2. Jin-Yeon Kim
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  3. Vania M. Rodríguez
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  4. Alberto Ruiz
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  5. Laurence J. Jacobs
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Contributions

Conceptualization—BF, JYK; Methodology—BF, JYK; Investigation—BF, AR, VMR; Original Draft Preparation—BF; Review and Editing—BF, JYK, AR, LJJ; Supervision—LJJ.

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Correspondence to Laurence J. Jacobs.

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All authors whose names appear on the submission (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

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Fuchs, B., Kim, JY., Rodríguez, V.M. et al. Modeling the Relative Contribution of Matrix Dislocations and M23C6 Coarsening to Acoustic Nonlinearity in 9Cr-1Mo Stainless Steel. J Nondestruct Eval 42, 25 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-023-00937-x

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