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Impact Modelling and A Posteriori Non-destructive Evaluation of Homogeneous Particleboards of Sugarcane Bagasse

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Abstract

With a view to gaining an in-depth assessment of the response of particleboards (PBs) to different in-service loading conditions, samples of high-density homogeneous PBs of sugarcane bagasse and castor oil polyurethane resin were manufactured and subjected to low velocity impacts using an instrumented drop weight impact tower and four different energy levels, namely 5, 10, 20 and 30 J. The prediction of the damage modes was assessed using Comsol Multiphysics\(^\circledR .\) In particular, the random distribution of the fibres and their lengths were reproduced through a robust model. The experimentally obtained dent depths due to the impactor were compared with the ones numerically simulated showing good agreement. The post-impact damage was evaluated by a simultaneous system of image acquisitions coming from two different sensors. In particular, thermograms were recorded during the heating up and cooling down phases, while the specklegrams were gathered one at room temperature (as reference) and the remaining during the cooling down phase. On one hand, the specklegrams were processed via a new software package named Ncorr v.1.2, which is an open-source subset-based 2D digital image correlation (DIC) package that combines modern DIC algorithms proposed in the literature with additional enhancements. On the other hand, the thermographic results linked to a square pulse were compared with those coming from the laser line thermography technique that heats a line-region on the surface of the sample instead of a spot. Surprisingly, both the vibrothermography and the line scanning thermography methods coupled with a robotized system show substantial advantages in the defect detection around the impacted zone.

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Abbreviations

ABNT:

Associacao Brasileira de Normas Tecnicas

ANSI:

American National Standards Institute

BD:

Bulk density

CIS:

Cold image subtraction

CMOS:

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor

CV:

Coefficient of variation

DIC:

Digital image correlation

EOF:

Empirical orthogonal function

FEM:

Finite element method

FOV:

Field of view

FPAs:

Focal plane arrays

FT:

Flash thermography

GUI:

Graphical user interface

HD:

Hardness

IRT:

Infrared thermography

LLT:

Laser line thermography

LSgT:

Line scanning thermography

LStT:

Laser spot thermography

MDFs:

Medium-density fiberboards

MDI:

Methylenediphenyl isocyanate

MOE:

Modulus of elasticity

MOR:

Modulus of rupture

Nd:YAG:

Neodymium-doped yttrium–aluminium–garnet

NDT:

Non-destructive testing

NETD:

Noise equivalent temperature difference

PBs:

Particleboards

PCT:

Principal component thermography

PDE:

Partial differential equation

PT:

Pulsed thermography

ROI:

Region of interest

SCB:

Sugarcane bagasse

SH:

Screw-holding

SPT:

Square pulse thermography

\(\mathrm{t}_\mathrm{obs}\) :

Time of observation

THz:

Terahertz

TS:

Thickness swelling

VT:

Vibrothermography

WA:

Water absorption

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results has received funding from The Research Fund: Flanders FWO Travel Grant V4.010.16N and the University of Antwerp (Belgium). In addition, this study was supported by Russian Foundation Grant #17-19-01047 and in part by Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program Grant. Finally, the authors want to thank both the Canada Research Chair in Multipolar Infrared Vision (MIVIM) and the FAPESP-Brazil (Proc. 2012/13881-2 and 2013/1985-8) for supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Vision and Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Hai Zhang, Nicolas P. Avdelidis, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, Yacine Mokhtari & Xavier P. V. Maldague

  2. Department of Industrial and Information Engineering and Economics (DIIIE), University of L’Aquila, Piazzale E. Pontieri 1, Monteluco di Roio, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy

    Stefano Sfarra & Stefano Perilli

  3. Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

    Stefano Sfarra

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment & UDR INSTM, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy

    Fabrizio Sarasini & Jacopo Tirillò

  5. Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga, SP, CEP 13635-900, Brazil

    Juliano Fiorelli

  6. Op3Mech Research Group, Department of Electromechanics, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, CGB – Z324 Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium

    Jeroen Peeters

  7. Aerospace Integration Research Centre (AIRC), College Road, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK

    Nicolas P. Avdelidis

  8. School of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Tupã, SP, Brazil

    Diogo de Lucca Sartori

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  1. Hai Zhang
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Zhang, H., Sfarra, S., Sarasini, F. et al. Impact Modelling and A Posteriori Non-destructive Evaluation of Homogeneous Particleboards of Sugarcane Bagasse. J Nondestruct Eval 37, 6 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-018-0461-9

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