Abstract
The reaction force is a global property of a chemical reaction that arises when applying the Hellmann–Feynmann theorem to the potential energy surface that links reactants, products and transition states. In the present work, the reaction force is defined rigorously from the cartesian components coming out from all forces exerted over each atom of a molecular system during the chemical reaction; it is demonstrated that the reaction force is a scalar property.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Toro-Labbé A.: J. Phys. Chem. A 103, 4398 (1999)
Jaque P., Toro-Labbé A.: J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 995 (2000)
Herrera B., Toro-Labbé A.: J. Chem. Phys. 121, 7096 (2004)
Martínez J., Toro-Labbé A.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 392, 132 (2004)
Politzer P., Toro-Labbé A., Gutiérrez-Oliva S., Herrera B., Concha M.C., Murray J.S.: J. Chem. Sci. 117, 467 (2005)
Gutiérrez-Oliva S., Herrera B., Toro-Labbé A., Chermette H.: J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 1748 (2005)
Politzer P., Burda J.V., Concha M.C., Lane P., Murray J.S.: J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 756 (2006)
Politzer P., Murray J.S., Lane P., Toro-Labbé A.: Int. J. Quantum Chem. 107, 2153 (2007)
Toro-Labbé A., Gutiérrez-Oliva S., Murray J.S., Politzer P.: Mol. Phys. 105, 2619 (2007)
Rincón E., Jaque P., Toro-Labbé A.: J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 9478 (2006)
Feynman R.P.: Phys. Rev. 56, 340 (1939)
Deb B.M.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 22 (1973)
Lanczos C.: The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Dover Publications, Inc., New York (1970)
Hirschfelder J.O.: J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1462 (1960)
Epstein J.H., Epstein S.T.: Am. J. Phys. 30, 266 (1962)
Rincón E., Toro-Labbé A.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 438, 93 (2007)
M.J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H.B. Schlegel, G.E. Scuseria, M.A. Robb, J.R. Cheeseman, J.A. Montgomery, Jr., T. Vreven, K.N. Kudin, J.C. Burant, J.M. Millam, S.S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, G. Scalmani, N. Rega, G.A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J.E. Knox, H.P. Hratchian, J.B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J.W. Ochterski, P.Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G.A. Voth, P. Salvador, J.J. Dannenberg, V.G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A.D. Daniels, M.C. Strain, O. Farkas, D.K. Malick, A.D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J.B. Foresman, J.V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A.G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Cioslowski, B.B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R.L. Martin, D.J. Fox, T. Keith, M.A. Al-Laham, C.Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P.M.W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M.W. Wong, C. Gonzalez, J.A. Pople, Gaussian 03, Revision B.04. (Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 2003)
Jaque P., Toro-Labbé A., Politzer P., Geerlings P.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 456, 135 (2008)
Fukui K.: J. Phys. Chem. 74, 4161 (1970)
Fukui K.: Pure Appl. Chem. 54, 1825 (1982)
González C., Schlegel B.: J. Chem. Phys. 94, 5523 (1990)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10910-009-9521-9
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martínez, J., Toro-Labbé, A. The reaction force. A scalar property to characterize reaction mechanisms. J Math Chem 45, 911–927 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-008-9478-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-008-9478-0