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Superfluid Onset of \(^{4}\)He Nanotube Depending on a One-Dimensional Length

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Abstract

A 1D Bose fluid has been actually realized for the \(^{4} \)He nanotubes formed in 1D nanochannels, and the superfluidity observed by a torsional oscillator. Dependence of the superfluid density on the channel diameter was qualitatively well explained by a theory that the superfluid onset temperature depends on an effective 1D length \(L_{\mathrm {eff}}\) which is the ratio of the length to the circumference of the fluid nanotube. To examine this mechanism, we measured the superfluid of a new \( ^{4} \)He nanotube formed in the 1D channel with the diameter 3.1 nm and the length 10–20 \(\upmu \)m, which is one order longer than that of the former channels. The observed superfluid is similar to that of the much smaller diameter, typically 2.2 or 1.8 nm, channel with the shorter length. This indicates that the superfluid onset observed for the present \(^{4}\)He nanotubes is determined by the finite effective 1D length \(L_{\mathrm {eff}}\), not by the channel diameter. In addition to this length dependence, dynamics at the 1D superfluid onset is indicated by a dissipation peak at \( 10^{3}\) Hz measurement frequency.

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Notes

  1. When the nanopores are filled with N\( _{2} \) at 90 %, the pressure in the gas phase becomes close to the saturated vapor pressure for the large pore diameters. It causes a trouble of capillary block in a experimental procedure. Thus, the measurement by filling N\( _{2} \) in the nanopores was done for the pores below 2.8 nm. And, similar \( \Delta f / S \) of the grain surface film was assumed for the larger pores.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Y. Nakanishi, T. Endoh, and M. Okamoto for experimental assistance. We acknowledge K. Yamashita and D. S. Hirashima for stimulating discussions on the 1D superfluidity and for permitting us to use their calculation shown in Fig. 5(a). This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26287077.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

    T. Matsushita, A. Shinohara & N. Wada

  2. College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-8-30 Kounodai, Ichikawa, 272-0827, Japan

    M. Hieda

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  1. T. Matsushita
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  2. A. Shinohara
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  3. M. Hieda
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  4. N. Wada
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Correspondence to N. Wada.

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Matsushita, T., Shinohara, A., Hieda, M. et al. Superfluid Onset of \(^{4}\)He Nanotube Depending on a One-Dimensional Length. J Low Temp Phys 183, 273–283 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1393-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1393-8

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