We review available experimental and numerical data on decaying counterflow turbulence in He II and present our current understanding of the underlying physics. We take into account the temperature gradient present in the steady-state counterflow turbulence, the fact that in the early stage of the decay the turbulence is still thermally driven, and the fact that at the beginning of the decay the vortex tangle is strongly polarized. When the heater that generates the counterflow turbulence is switched off, the vortex tangle decays, the vortex lines randomize their spatial orientation and the tangle’s polarization decreases. The process of depolarization slows down the recovery of the transverse second sound signal which measures the vortex line density; at some values of parameters it even leads to a net decrease of the amplitude of the transverse second sound prior to reaching the universal −3/2 power temporal law decay typical of classical homogeneous isotropic turbulence in a finite-sized channel.
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