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Slip in Quantum Fluids

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Abstract

In this review we describe theoretical and experimental investigations of general slip phenomena in context with the flow of the quantum liquids 3He, 4He and their mixtures at low temperatures. The phenomenon of slip is related to a boundary effect. It occurs when sufficiently dilute gases flow along the wall of an experimental cell. A fluid is said to exhibit slip when the fluid velocity at the wall is not equal to the wall’s velocity. Such a situation occurs whenever the wall reflects the fluid particles in a specular-like manner, and/or if the fluid is describable in terms of a dilute ordinary gas (classical fluid) or a dilute gas of thermal excitations (quantum fluid). The slip effect in quantum fluids is discussed theoretically on the basis of generalized Landau-Boltzmann transport equations and generalized to apply to a regime of ballistic motion of the quasiparticles in the fluid. The central result is that the transport coefficient of bulk shear viscosity, which typically enters in the Poiseuille flow resistance and the transverse acoustic impedance, has to be replaced by geometry dependent effective viscosity, which depends on the details of the interaction of the fluid particles with the cell walls. The theoretical results are compared with various experimental data obtained in different geometries and for both Bose and Fermi quantum fluids. Good agreement between experiment and theory is found particularly in the case of pure normal and superfluid 3He, with discrepancies probably arising because of deficiencies in characterization of the experimental surfaces.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Walther-Meissner-Institut fur Tieftemperaturforschung, D-85748, Garching, Germany

    Dietrich Einzel

  2. Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, U.S.A

    Jeevak M. Parpia

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  1. Dietrich Einzel
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Einzel, D., Parpia, J.M. Slip in Quantum Fluids. J Low Temp Phys 109, 1–105 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-005-0078-0

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