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Insight into the Physiochemical and Cytotoxic Properties of β-cyclodextrin Hybridized Zeoilitic Diatomite as an Enhanced Carrier of Oxaliplatin Drug: Loading, Release, and Equilibrium Studies

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Abstract

The bio-siliceous frustules of diatomite (DA) were zeolitized (ZD) and functionalized with β-cyclodextrin polymeric chains (β-CD/ZD) as enhanced delivery structures of oxaliplatin drug (OXP) as compared to raw diatomite. The encapsulation capacities of ZD (112.5 mg/g) and β-CD/ZD (238.7 mg/g) are significantly higher than the determined capacity of DA (65.9 mg/g). The encapsulation of OXP into β-CD/ZD as well as ZD and DA occurred according to the kinetic properties of the classic pseudo-first-order model (R2 > 0.92) and the isotherm assumptions of the classic Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99). The occupied active OXP encapsulation site density of β-CD/ZD is 70.2 mg/g, reflecting enhancement in the quantities of the active sites after the functionalization process as compared to ZD (44.6 mg/g) and DA (28.4 mg/g). Additionally, each encapsulation site on the surface of β-CD/ZD can be occupied with up to 4 OXP molecules by multi-molecular processes and in a vertical orientation. The determined encapsulation energies (< 40 KJ/mol) validate the essential and dominant impacts of the physical processes as the controlling mechanisms. The recognized β-CD/ZD and ZD release profiles as delivery structures of OXP show notable slow and incessant properties for more than 100 h either at pH 7.4 or pH 5.5. The release kinetic modeling and diffusion exponent values (> 0.45) validate the release of OXP according to the non-Fickian transport properties and erosion/diffusion mechanism. These structures enhanced notably the cytotoxic effects of OXP on the HCT-116 cancer cell lines as drug carriers ZD (9.76% cell viability) and CF/ZD (6.23% cell viability).

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, through the Research Groups Program Grant no. (RGP-1443-0042)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Haifa E. Alfassam, Sarah I. Al Othman & Maha A. Al-Waili

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt

    Menna-Tullah Ashraf

  3. Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt

    Menna-Tullah Ashraf & Mostafa R. Abukhadra

  4. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Ahmed A. Allam

  5. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211, Egypt

    Mostafa R. Abukhadra

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Alfassam, H.E., Ashraf, MT., Al Othman, S.I. et al. Insight into the Physiochemical and Cytotoxic Properties of β-cyclodextrin Hybridized Zeoilitic Diatomite as an Enhanced Carrier of Oxaliplatin Drug: Loading, Release, and Equilibrium Studies. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 2984–3001 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02731-8

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