Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Low Cd-Doping Concentration (0.5 and 3 wt.%) and Different Substrate Types (Glass and Silicon) on the Properties of Dip-Coated Nanostructured ZnO Semiconductors Thin Films

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The investigation of semiconductor films of undoped ZnO and doped with two weight percentages of Cadmium (0.5 and 3) were grown on glass and silicon substrates under the same conditions using the dip-coating method. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the growth of the wurtzite ZnO phase in a hexagonal crystal structure. Also, the effect of both cadmium concentration and substrate type is very clear, while the films those grown on glass substrate showed a crystallization with a highly c-axis preferred (002) orientation, those grown on a silicon substrate showed regular growth in all directions of the zinc oxide phase. The average crystallites size is of the nano-metric scale, more precise about 27 nm, supported with images taken with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, furthermore from the latter technic (ESEM), we noticed a presence of three morphological types on the surface, were originated according to the substrate type and quantity of Cd-doping. The Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry simulation spectra and the Auger Electron Spectroscopy by the relation with the stripping time emphasize the subsistence of starting (Zn) and doping (Cd) elements on the final specimens and in proportional quantities, to deduce that the undoped ZnO specimen thin film is the thickest. All the obtained films have an optical transmission of about 80% level within the visible range and a severe absorption beginning about 370 nm corresponding to the fundamental absorption limit, where the optical band gap energy decreased from 3.21 eV to 3.16 eV for the undoped ZnO and doped with 3 wt.% Cd respectively. The room-temperature luminescence emission spectra of all specimens were excited at the same conditions under 250 nm Xenon lamp excitation, where showed ultraviolet and visible emissions for all the films grown on a glass and silicon substrate, while an opposite reaction was recorded in the intensity of the spectra as the percentage of Cd increased.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Rahal, B. Boudine, N. Souami, M. Siad, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, L. Guerbous, Behavior study of the nanostructured Zn1-xCdxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) semiconductor thin films deposited onto silicon substrate by dip-coating method. J. Silicon 12, 2967–2976 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00388-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Li, X. Zhu, X. Tang, W. Song, Z. Yang, J. Dai, Y. Sun, X. Pan, S. Dai, Doping and annealing effects on ZnO: Cd thin films by sol–gel method. J. Alloy. Compd. 509, 4816–4823 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Rahal, B. Boudine, Y. Larbah, L. Guerbous, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, M. Siad, Sol-gel synthesis and nanostructured semiconductor analysis of undoped and Cd-doped ZnO thin films. J. Optik- Int. J. Light Electron Optics 169, 303–313 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.05.070

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Z.L. Wang, ZnO nanowire and nanobelt platform for nanotechnology. Mater. Sci. Eng. R. Rep. 64, 33–71 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2009.02.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B. Rahal, B. Boudine, A.R. Khantoul, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, Colloidal synthesis of nanostructured pure ZnO and Cd doped ZnO thin films and their characterization. J. Optik- Int. J. Light Electron Optics 127, 6943–6951 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.05.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. O. Lupan, L. Chow, G. Chai, A. Schulte, S. Park, O. Lopatiuk-Tirpak, L. Chernyak, H. Heinrich, Biopolymer-assisted self-assembly of ZnO nano-architectures from nanorods. Superlattices Microstruct. 43, 292–302 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2007.12.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. U. Özgür, D. Hofstetter, H. Morkoç, ZnO Devices and Applications: a review of current status and future prospects. Proc. IEEE 98, 1255–1268 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2010.2044550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J.L. Gomez, O. Tigli, Zinc oxide nanostructures: from growth to application. J. Mater. Sci. 48, 612–624 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6938-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Z.L. Wang, Piezotronic and Piezophototronic Effects. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1388–1393 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/jz100330j

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Gharbi, A. Taabouche, M. Brella, R. Gheriani, Y. Bouachiba, A. Bouabellou, F. Hanini, S. Barouk, H. Serrar, B. Rahal, Spray pyrolysis synthesized and ZnO-NiO nanostructured thin films analysis with their nanocomposites for waveguiding applications. Semiconductors 55, 37–43 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782621010085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Herzi, M. Sebais, B. Boudine, O. Halimi, B. Rahal, L. Guerbous, Fabrication and characterization of highly textured thin films of undoped and Ag-Doped ZnO. Acta Physica Polonica A 135, 526–531 (2019). https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.135.526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.H. Lee, B.O. Park, Transparent conducting ZnO: Al, and Sn thin films deposited by the sol gel method. Thin Solid Films 426, 94–99 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)00014-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Viter, K. Kunene, P. Genys, D. Jevdokimovs, D. Erts, A. Sutka, K. Bisetty, A. Viksna, A. Ramanaviciene, A. Ramanavicius, Photoelectrochemical bisphenol S sensor based on ZnO-Nanoroads modified by molecularly imprinted Polypyrrole. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 221, 1900232 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201900232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Tereshchenko, G.R. Yazdi, I. Konup, V. Smyntyna, V. Khranovskyy, R. Yakimova, A. Ramanavicius, Application of ZnO Nanorods based whispering gallery mode resonator in optical immunosensors. Colloids Surf. B 191, e110999 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. I. Plikusiene, V. Maciulis, O. Graniel, M. Bechelany, S. Balevicius, V. Vertelis, Z. Balevicius, A. Popov, A. Ramanavicius, A. Ramanaviciene, Total internal reflection ellipsometry for kinetics-based assessment of bovine serum albumin immobilization on ZnO nanowires. J. Mater. Chem. C 9, 1345–1352 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC05193D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Karunakaran, A. Vijayabalan, G. Manikandan, Photocatalytic and bactericidal activities of hydrothermally synthesized nanocrystalline Cd-doped ZnO. Superlattices Microstruct. 51, 443–453 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.01.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Tang, H. Lu, Q. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Lin, Study on interactions between Cadmium and defects in Cd-doped ZnO by first-principle calculations. Solid State Sci. 13, 384–387 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.11.040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Mayer, SIMNRA, a Simulation Program for the Analysis of NRA, RBS and ERDA 1999 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the Application of Ac-celerators in Research and Industry, J. L. Duggan and I.L. Morgan (eds.) American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings 475 541 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.59188

  19. A.R. Khantoul, M. Sebais, B. Rahal, B. boudine, O. halimi, Structural and optical properties of zno and co Doped ZnO thin films prepared by Sol-Gel. Acta Physica Polonica A 133, 114–117 (2018). https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.133.11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Benelmadjat, N. Touka, B. Harieche, B. Boudine, O. Halimi, M. Sebais, Study of structural and optical properties of Sb doped ZnO thin films deposited by spin coating method. Opt. Mater. 32, 764–767 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.02.011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. Benelmadjat, S. Boudjaadar, B. Boudine, A. Chelouche, O. Halimi, A. Boudrioua 2011 Improvement of structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films by thermal annealing, J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 13 122–125. http://joam.inoe.ro

  22. A.D. Acharya, S. Moghe, R. Panda, S.B. Shrivastava, M. Gangrade, T. Shripathi, D.M. Phase, V. Ganesan, Effect of Cd dopant on electrical and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis route. Thin Solid Films 525, 49–55 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.10.100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Sutanto, S. Durri, S. Wibowo, H. Hadiyanto, E. Hidayanto, Rootlike Morphology of ZnO: Al thin film deposited on amorphous glass substrate by Sol-Gel Method. Phys. Res. Int. 2016, 4749587–4749597 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4749587

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Taabouche, A. Bouabellou, F. Kermiche, F. Hanini, C. Sedrati, Y. Bouachiba, C. Benazzouz, Preparation and characterization of Al-doped ZnO piezoelectric thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Ceram. Int. 42, 6701–6706 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.01.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.S.E. Hamroun, C. Benazzouz, Thermally induced interfacial reactions in Ti/Pd/Si and Ti/Pd/Si (As) ternary systems. Appl. Phys. A 118, 1033–1037 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8863-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Larbah, M. Adnane, B. Rahal, Growth and characterization of ZnO and Al-Doped ZnO thin films by a homemade spray pyrolysis. Semiconductors 54, 1439–1444 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782620110184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R. Yousefi, B. Kamaluddina, M. Ghoranneviss, F. Hajakbari, Auger and photo-luminescence analysis of ZnO nanowires grown on AlN thin film. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 6985–6988 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.03.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. L.C. Chao, S.H. Yang, Growth and Auger electron spectroscopy characterization of donut-shaped ZnO nanostructures. Appl. Surf. Sci. 253, 7162–7165 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.02.184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. P.W. Palmberg, Optimization of Auger electron spectroscopy in LEED systems. Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 183–185 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1652562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Larbah, M. Adnane, A. Djelloul, M. Melouki, Influence of Growth temperature on structure and optical properties of tin oxide films by spray pyrolysis method. J. Nano-Electron. Phys. 7, 30131–30134 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  31. L.E. Davis, N.C. MacDonald, P.W. Palmberg, G.E. Riach, R.E. Weber, Handbook of Auger Electron Spectroscopy (Physical Electronics Eden Prairie, Minnesota, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Larbah, B. Rahal, M. Adnane, The effect of fluorine doping on the properties of SnO2 thin films deposited using spray pyrolysis method. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 22, 518–522 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. A.M. Mansour, M. Nasr, H.A. Saleh, G.M. Mahmoud, Physical characterization of 5′,5′′-dibromo-o-cresolsulfophthalein (BCP) spin-coated thin films and BCP/p-Si based diode. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 125, 1–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2920-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. D.M. Carballeda-Galicia, R. Castanedo-Pérez, O. Jiménez-Sandoval, S. Jiménez Sandoval, G. Tores-Dalgado, C.L. Zũñiga-Romero, High transmittance CdO thin films obtained by the sol-gel method. Thin Solid Films 371, 105–108 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(00)00987-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A.M. El Nahrawy, A.M. Mansour, A.B. Abou Hammad, R.S. Ibrahim, A.M. Abouelnaga, M.S. Abdel-Aziz, Optical, functional impact and antimicrobial of Chitosan/Phosphosilicate/Al2O3 Nanosheets. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 30, 3084–3094 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01469-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A.M. El Nahrawy, A.B. Abou Hammad, A.M. bakr, Th.I. Shaheen, A.M. Mansour, Sol–gel synthesis and physical characterization of high impact polystyrene nanocomposites based on Fe2O3 doped with ZnO. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 126, e654 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03822-w

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ü. Özgür, Y.I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Dogan, V. Avrutin, S.J. Cho, H. Morkoç, A comprehensive review of ZnO materials and devices. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 0413011–041301103 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1992666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. G.Y. Naser, W.N. Raja, A.S. Faris, Z.J. Rahem, M.A. Salih, A.H. Ahmed, Some optical properties of CdO thin films. Energy Procedia 36, 42–49 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. H.S. Kang, S.H. Lim, J.W. Kim, H.W. Chang, G.H. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.Y. Lee, Y. Li, J.S. Lee, J.K. Lee, M.A. Nastasi, S.A. Crooker, Q.X. Jia, Exciton localization and Stokes’ shift in Zn1−xCdxO thin films depending on chemical composition. J. Cryst. Growth 287, 70–73 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.10.045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. J.H. Lee, C.Y. Chou, Z. Bi, C.F. Tsai, H. Wang, Growth-controlled surface roughness in Al-doped ZnO as transparent conducting oxide. Nanotechnology 20, 3957041–3957047 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/39/395704

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. G. Luka, T.A. Krajewski, B.S. Witkowski, G. Wisz, I.S. Virt, E. Guziewicz, M. Godlewski, Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition for transparent electrode applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 22, 1810–1815 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0367-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. F.M. Chang, S. Brahma, J.H. Huang, Z.Z. Wu, K.Y. Lu, Strong correlation between optical properties and mechanism in deficiency of normalized self-assembly ZnO nanorods. Sci. Rep. 9, 905 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37601-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Boumaiza, B. Boudine, M. Sebais, Fabrication and characterization of pure and Pb-doped ZnO thin films prepared by Sol-Gel and Dip-coeting method. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01990-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. W.H. Lan, Y.L. Li, Y.C. Chung, Y.C. Chou, K.F. Huang, L.C. Chen, Effects of post anneal for the INZO films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Adv. Nano Res. 2, 179–186 (2014). https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2014.2.4.179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. N. Rouabah, B. Boudine, R. Nazir, M. Zaabat, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, M.T. Soltani, A. Chala, Structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of PVC/CdS nanocomposites prepared by soft chemistry method. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 31, 1102–1110 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01752-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. M. Turemis, D. Zappi, M.T. Giardi, G. Basile, A. Ramanaviciene, A. Kapralovs, A. Ramanavicius, R. Viter, ZnO/polyaniline composite based photoluminescence sensor for the determination of acetic acid vapor. Talanta 211, e120658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Viter, M. Savchuk, N. Starodub, Z. Balevicius, S. Tumenas, A. Ramanaviciene, D. Jevdokimovs, D. Erts, I. Iatsunskyi, A. Ramanavicius, Photoluminescence immunosensor based on bovine leukemia virus proteinsimmobilized on the ZnO nanorods. Sens. Actuators, B Chem. 285, 601–606 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. I. Ameur, B. Boudine, M. Laidoudi, M. Khennoucha, V. Brien, D. Horwat, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, Influence of magnesium doping on microstructure, optical and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide thin films synthesis by sol–gel route. Appl. Phys. A 127, 331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04486-w

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We want to thank Mrs.: M. Laidoudi, A. Taabouche, C. Sedrati, M. Sebais, O. Halimi, L. Guerbous, M. Belamri, C. Benazzouz, A. Hammoudi and A. Mouatsi for their help and the morale support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Techniques Division, Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, 2 Bd, Frantz Fanon, BP 399, 16000, Algiers, Algeria

    Badis Rahal, Youssef Larbah, Menouar Siad & Nassim Souami

  2. Crystallography Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Mentouri Brothers-Constantine 1 University, Route Ain El Bey, 25000, Constantine, Algeria

    Boubekeur Boudine

Authors
  1. Badis Rahal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Boubekeur Boudine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Youssef Larbah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Menouar Siad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nassim Souami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Badis Rahal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rahal, B., Boudine, B., Larbah, Y. et al. Influence of Low Cd-Doping Concentration (0.5 and 3 wt.%) and Different Substrate Types (Glass and Silicon) on the Properties of Dip-Coated Nanostructured ZnO Semiconductors Thin Films. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 4001–4017 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02024-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02024-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation