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The Reach of Johnson’s Typology of Intimate Partner Violence: a Scoping Review of Empirical Research, 1996–2020

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Abstract

Purpose

Johnson’s typology of intimate partner violence, first published in 1995, intended to resolve the gender symmetry debate and alter the way scholars studied intimate partner violence. This scoping review explores the empirical reach of Johnson’s typology over 25 years.

Methods

Articles were identified through searches of four databases and were included if they were an empirical journal article with Johnson’s typology central to the analysis (n = 82) and published between 1996 and 2020.

Results

Empirical work reached its highest points in 2014 and 2016, with 10 articles published each year, but has since declined. The mean number of articles published per year is less than four (M = 3.28). Authorship appears to have diffused well, as there were 56 different lead authors of the 82 articles, and no one author contributed to more than 10% of the empirical work. Articles appeared in 37 journals and were heavily concentrated in journals on interpersonal violence and in the disciplines of Family Studies and Psychology.

Conclusions

Empirical engagement with Johnson’s typology is modest yet extends across a large number of independent authors and appears in journals across multiple disciplines. It is not clear why there has not been more empirical engagement given the widespread and increasing citation of Johnson’s work, but perhaps this is part of the reason why the typology has not ended the gender symmetry debate. Moving forward requires better understanding of why intimate partner violence researchers often choose not to empirically test Johnson’s typology.

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Notes

  1. This debate has largely treated gender as binary and has been heteronormative (for exceptions, see Bermea & van Eeden-Moorefield, 2023; Cleghorn et al., 2022; Frankland & Brown, 2014).

  2. Originally referred to as patriarchal terrorism in Johnson (1995).

  3. Originally referred to as common couple violence in publications such as Johnson (1995) and Johnson and Ferraro (2000).

  4. A full list of search terms is available from the authors.

  5. Journal titles can be seen in the references marked by asterisks (*), which are those included in the study sample.

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  1. Department of Sociology, University of Central Florida, 4297 Andromeda Loop N., Howard Phillips Hall 403, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA

    Alison Cares & Bertha A. Ben Khallouq

  2. Independent Researcher, 975 Cherry Valley Way, Orlando, FL, 32828, USA

    Karina Mukazhanova-Powell

  3. Violence Against Women Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA

    Alison Cares

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Cares, A., Khallouq, B.A.B. & Mukazhanova-Powell, K. The Reach of Johnson’s Typology of Intimate Partner Violence: a Scoping Review of Empirical Research, 1996–2020. J Fam Viol 39, 9–21 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00602-x

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