Abstract
In the present work, gold nanocluster (GNC) induced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was synthesized as a novel fluorescence probe to detect nitrite (NO2 −) sensitively and selectively. The fluorescence of GNC was found to be quenched effectively by NO2 −. Under the optimum conditions, it was found that the change of fluorescence intensity was proportional with the concentration of NO2 − in the linear range of 0.1–50 μM (R = 0.9990), with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 30 nM. The absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were employed to discuss the quenching mechanism. In addition, the present approach was successfully applied in real water samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Butler AR, Feelisch M (2008) Therapeutic uses of inorganic nitrite and nitrate: from the past to the future. Circulation 117:2151
Masuda M, Mower HF, Pignatelli B, Celan I, Friesen MD, Nishino H, Ohshima H (2000) Formation of N-nitrosamines and N-nitramines by the reaction of secondary amines with peroxynitrite and other reactive nitrogen species: comparison with nitrotyrosine formation. Chem Res Toxicol 13:301
Li YT, Whitaker JS, McCarty CL (2011) Reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry with isotope dilution for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite in water. J Chromatogr A 1218:476
He LJ, Zhang KG, Wang CJ, Luo XL, Zhang SS (2011) Effective indirect enrichment and determination of nitrite ion in water and biological samples using ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1218:3595
Wang X, Adams E, Schepdael AV (2012) A fast and sensitive method for the determination of nitrite in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection. Talanta 97:142
Zhang W, Yuan R, Chai YQ, Zhang Y, Chen SH (2012) A simple strategy based on lanthanum-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid and nitrite. Sens Actuators B 166–167:601
Wang J, Diao P, Zhang Q (2012) Dual detection strategy for electrochemical analysis of glucose and nitrite using a partitionally modified electrode. Analyst 137:145
Muchindu M, Waryo T, Arotiba O, Kazimierska E, Morrin A, Killard AJ, Smyth MR, Jahed N, Kgarebe B, Baker PGL, Iwuoha EI (2010) Electrochemical nitrite nanosensor developed with amine- and sulphate-functionalised polystyrene latex beads self-assembled on polyaniline. Electrochim Acta 55:4274
Miao P, Shen M, Ning LM, Chen GF, Yin YM (2011) Functionalization of platinum nanoparticles for electrochemical detection of nitrite. Anal Bioanal Chem 399:2407
Li JG, Li QQ, Lu C, Zhao LX (2011) Determination of nitrite in tap waters based on fluorosurfactant-capped gold nanoparticles-enhanced chemiluminescence from carbonate and peroxynitrous acid. Analyst 136:2379
Pourreza N, Fathi MR, Hatami A (2012) Indirect cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in water and meat products. Microchem J 104:22
Daniel WL, Han MS, Lee J-S, Mirkin CA (2009) Colorimetric nitrite and nitrate detection with gold nanoparticle probes and kinetic end points. J Am Chem Soc 131:6362
Luiz VHM, Pezza L, Pezza HR (2012) Determination of nitrite in meat products and water using dapsone with combined spot test/diffuse reflectance on filter paper. Food Chem 134:2546
Wang LL, Li B, Zhang LM, Zhang LG, Zhao HF (2012) Fabrication and characterization of a fluorescent sensor based on Rh 6G-functionlized silica nanoparticles for nitrite ion detection. Sens Actuators B 171–172:946
Xue ZW, Wu ZS, Han SF (2012) A selective fluorogenic sensor for visual detection of nitrite. Anal Methods 4:2021
Xiong Y, Zhu DQ, Duan CF, Wang JW, Guan YF (2010) Small-volume fiber-optic evanescent-wave absorption sensor for nitrite determination. Anal Bioanal Chem 396:943
Gao F, Zhang L, Wang L, She SK, Zhu CQ (2005) Ultrasensitive and selective determination of trace amounts of nitrite ion with a novel fluorescence probe mono[6-N(2-carboxy-phenyl)]-β-cyclodextrin. Anal Chim Acta 533:25
Jin LH, Shang L, Guo SJ, Fang YX, Wen D, Wang L, Yin JY, Dong SJ (2011) Biomolecule-stabilized Au nanoclusters as a fluorescence probe for sensitive detection of glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 26:1965
Lin C-AJ, Yang T-Y, Lee C-H, Huang SH, Sperling RA, Zanella M, Li JK, Shen J-L, Wang H-H, Yeh H-I, Parak WJ, Chang WH (2009) Synthesis, characterization, and bioconjugation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters toward biological labeling applications. ACS Nano 3:395
Guo CL, Irudayaraj J (2011) Fluorescent Ag clusters via a protein-directed approach as a Hg(II) ion sensor. Anal Chem 83:2883
Xie JP, Zheng YG, Ying JY (2009) Protein-directed synthesis of highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 131:888
Xie JP, Zheng YG, Ying JY (2010) Highly selective and ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+ based on fluorescence quenching of Au nanoclusters by Hg2+–Au+ interactions. Chem Commun 46:961
Durgadas CV, Sharmaa CP, Sreenivasan K (2011) Fluorescent gold clusters as nanosensors for copper ions in live cells. Analyst 136:933
Zheng J, Nicovich PR, Dickson RM (2007) Highly fluorescent noble-metal quantum dots. Annu Rev Phys Chem 58:40
Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin DJ, Whyman R (1994) Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase Liquid-Liquid system. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 801
Dasog M, Scott RWJ (2007) Understanding the oxidative stability of gold monolayer-protected clusters in the presence of halide ions under ambient conditions. Langmuir 23:3381
Hostetler MJ, Wingate JE, Zhong CJ, Harris JE, Vachet RW, Clark MR, Londono JD, Green SJ, Stokes JJ, Wignall GD, Glish GL, Porter MD, Evans ND, Murray RW (1998) Alkanethiolate gold cluster molecules with core diameters from 1.5 to 5.2 nm: core and monolayer properties as a function of core size. Langmuir 14:17
Valeur B (2001) Molecular fluorescence: principles and applications. Wiley-VCH, Germany
Zhang T, Fan HL, Jin QH (2010) Sensitive and selective detection of nitrite ion based on fluorescence superquenching of conjugated polyelectrolyte. Talanta 81:95
Acknowledgments
Q. Yue and J. Liu thank Natural Science Foundation of China for Funding (21005036, 20875042, 21075058, 21127006). This work was also supported by Natural Science Foundation (ZR2010BZ004, JQ201106), Research Fund of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Doctoral Fund of Liaocheng University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yue, Q., Sun, L., Shen, T. et al. Synthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters Directed by Bovine Serum Albumin and Application for Nitrite Detection. J Fluoresc 23, 1313–1318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-013-1265-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-013-1265-z