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Progress of Experimental Studies in the HL-2A Tokamak

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Abstract

During the last several years, the HL-2A experiment has made significant progress in the following areas: (1) lower-hybrid wave (LHW) heating and current drive, (2) plasma confinement and turbulent transport, (3) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities and energetic particle physics and (4) H-mode and edge localized mode (ELM) control. The results show that the LHW system working in the co-current mode can reach higher driving efficiency and full non-inductive lower-hybrid current drive (LHCD) has been achieved. The intrinsic poloidal torque characterized by the divergence of the residual stress is deduced from synthesis for the first time. The dynamics of spectral symmetry breaking in drift wave turbulence is in good agreement with the development of the poloidal torque to drive the edge poloidal flow. The influence of the cross-phase dynamics on turbulent stress was also investigated. The ion internal transport barrier has been observed in the NBI-heated plasma, and inside the barrier the ion thermal transport is reduced to the neoclassical level. Besides, micro-turbulence is modulated by the rotation frequency of the magnetic island, and this modulation effect is related to a critical island width. Strong E × B shear is found at the island boundary. Three kinds of axisymmetric modes, beta-induced Alfven eigenmode (BAE), toroidal Alfven eigenmode (TAE) and the ellipticity-induced Alfven eigenmode (EAE), are found to be driven unstable by nonlinear mode coupling between Alfven eigenmodes and tearing mode which is well explained by the nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. The fishbone and tearing modes were actively controlled by the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). The dynamics of the edge plasma flows and turbulence during the L–I–H transition have been dedicatedly investigated. The geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) coexist for a short time and disappear in the H-mode plasma with the increasing of E × B shear flow before the I–H transition, which plays an important role in the turbulence suppression. Different techniques, such as LHW, ECRH, resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP), and impurity seeding by the laser blow-off (LBO) and supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), have been successfully applied to control the large ELMs. It has been found that pedestal turbulence enhancement might be responsible for the observed mitigation effect.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all colleagues who have contributed to the HL-2A projects in the aspect of diagnostic developments and physics studies. This work is supported by the Nuclear Power Development Research Project under Grant No. H6600003-17.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, China

    M. Xu, X. R. Duan, Yi Liu, W. L. Zhong, M. Jiang, G. L. Xiao, P. W. Shi, T. Long, X. Y. Bai, Y. Shen, Z. Y. Cui, D. L. Yu, Y. P. Zhang, W. Chen, L. M. Yu, R. Hong, B. D. Yuan, J. B. Yuan, A. S. Liang, T. F. Sun, Y. Q. Liu, L. W. Yan, D. Q. Liu, Z. Cao, L. J. Cai, Y. Q. Wang, H. J. Li, B. Lu, H. L. Wei, J. Y. Cao, M. Huang, Q. W. Yang, Z. B. Shi, G. Y. Zheng, J. H. Zhang, X. Q. Ji, J. Q. Li, G. Z. Hao, X. M. Song, W. M. Xuan, X. T. Ding & J. Q. Dong

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Correspondence to W. L. Zhong.

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Xu, M., Duan, X.R., Liu, Y. et al. Progress of Experimental Studies in the HL-2A Tokamak. J Fusion Energ 39, 313–335 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-021-00282-9

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