Abstract
Because neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and language disorder, are genetically heterogeneous, there is a need for exploring their many pathways, and case studies provide a means to do so in rare conditions. We present a case study describing fraternal twins with an unbalanced translocation, resulting in a partial trisomy of chromosome 10 (q24.1) and a partial monosomy of chromosome 12 (p13). The twin’s father, a healthy individual with typical development, was found to have a balanced translocation between chromosomes 10q and 12p. Although a handful of cases have described individuals with only trisomies of chromosome 10q or only monosomies of chromosome 12p, none have examined children with both chromosomal aberrations. We describe the children’s cognitive and behavioral phenotype (including autism spectrum disorder, moderate intellectual disability, and language disorder), discuss a possible genetic mechanism contributing to their comorbidities (i.e., 12p13 microdeletions), and review other potential contributing factors to their presentation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdelmoity, A. T., Hall, J. J., Bittel, D. C., & Yu, S. (2011). 1.39 Mb inherited interstitial deletion in 12p13. 33 associated with developmental delay. European Journal of Medical Genetics., 54(2), 198–203.
Abrahams, B. S., & Geschwind, D. H. (2008). Advances in autism genetics: On the threshold of a new neurobiology. Nature Reviews Genetics, 9(5), 341–355.
Achenbach, T. M. (2009). The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, findings, theory, and applications. Burlington: University of Vermont Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Al-Sarraj, Y., Al-Khair, H. A., Taha, R. Z., Khattab, N., El Sayed, Z. H., Elhusein, B., & El-Shanti, H. (2014). Distal trisomy 10q syndrome, report of a patient with duplicated q24. 31–qter, autism spectrum disorder and unusual features. Clinical Case Reports, 2(5), 201–205.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Anazi, S., Maddirevula, S., Faqeih, E., Alsedairy, H., Alzahrani, F., Shamseldin, H. E., et al. (2017). Clinical genomics expands the morbid genome of intellectual disability and offers a high diagnostic yield. Molecular Psychiatry, 22(4), 615–624.
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., et al. (2018). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years–autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 67(6), 1–23.
Baker, E., Hinton, L., Callen, D. F., Haan, E. A., Dobbie, A., & Sutherland, G. R. (2002). A familial cryptic subtelomeric deletion 12p with variable phenotypic effect. Clinical Genetics, 61(3), 198–201.
Beery, K. E., Buktenica, N. A., & Beery, N. A. (2010). Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (6th ed.). Bloomington: Pearson.
Benger, M., Kinali, M., & Mazarakis, N. D. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder: Prospects for treatment using gene therapy. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 39.
Betancur, C. (2011). Etiological heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders: More than 100 genetic and genomic disorders and still counting. Brain Research, 1380, 42–77.
Bracken, B. A. (2007). Bracken School Readiness Assessment (3rd ed.). San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (2011). Oral and Written Language Scales (2nd ed.). Torrance: Western Psychological Services.
Chen, C., Van Horn, J. D., & GENDAAR Research Consortium. (2017a). Developmental neurogenetics and multimodal neuroimaging of sex differences in autism. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11(1), 38–61.
Chen, X. S., Reader, R. H., Hoischen, A., Veltman, J. A., Simpson, N. H., Francks, C., et al. (2017b). Next-generation DNA sequencing identifies novel gene variants and pathways involved in specific language impairment. Scientific Reports, 7, 46105.
Constantino, J. N., & Gruber, C. P. (2005). Social Responsiveness Scale. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
de la Torre-Ubieta, L., Won, H., Stein, J. L., & Geschwind, D. H. (2016). Advancing the understanding of autism disease mechanisms through genetics. Nature Medicine, 22(4), 345–361.
Devlin, B., & Scherer, S. W. (2012). Genetic architecture in autism spectrum disorder. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 22(3), 229–237.
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (4th ed.). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson.
Eicher, J. D., & Gruen, J. R. (2015). Language impairment and dyslexia genes influence language skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 8(2), 229–234.
Fanizza, I., Bertuzzo, S., Beri, S., Scalera, E., Massagli, A., Sali, M. E., et al. (2014). Genotype–phenotype relationship in a child with 2.3 Mb de novo interstitial 12p13. 33-p13. 32 deletion. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 57(7), 334–338.
Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., et al. (2000). Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism: Report of the quality standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology and the child neurology society. Neurology, 55(4), 468–479.
Firth, H. V., Richards, S. M., Bevan, A. P., Clayton, S., Corpas, M., Rajan, D., et al. (2009). DECIPHER: Database of chromosomal imbalance and phenotype in humans using ensembl resources. American Journal of Human Genetics, 84(4), 524–533.
Glass, I. A., Trenholme, A., Mildenhall, L., Bailey, R. J., & Cotter, P. D. (2000). Mild phenotype in two siblings with distal monosomy 12p13. 31→ pter. Clinical Genetics, 57(5), 401–405.
Graham, S. A., & Fisher, S. E. (2015). Understanding language from a genomic perspective. Annual Review of Genetics, 49, 131–160.
Harrison, P. L., & Oakland, T. (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
Hvidtjørn, D., Schieve, L., Schendel, D., Jacobsson, B., Sværke, C., & Thorsen, P. (2009). Cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders, and developmental delay in children born after assisted conception: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(1), 72–83.
Hvidtjørn, D., Grove, J., Schendel, D., Schieve, L. A., Sværke, C., Ernst, E., & Thorsen, P. (2011). Risk of autism spectrum disorders in children born after assisted conception: A population-based follow-up study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(6), 497–502.
Johnson, C. P., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1183–1215.
Kardon, N. B. (2003). Chromosome 10, distal trisomy 10q. In National Organization for Rare Disorders (Ed.), NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
Kirkovski, M., Enticott, P. G., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013). A review of the role of female gender in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2584–2603.
Kolevzon, A., Gross, R., & Reichenberg, A. (2007). Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism: A review and integration of findings. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 161(4), 326–333.
Korkman, M., Kirk, U., & Kemp, S. (2007). NEPSY-II: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (2nd ed.). San Antonio: Psychological Corporation.
Langridge, A. T., Glasson, E. J., Nassar, N., Jacoby, P., Pennell, C., Hagan, R., Bourke, J., Leonard, H., & Stanley, F. J. (2013). Maternal conditions and perinatal characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. PLoS One, 8(1), e50963.
Leyser, M., Dias, B. L., Coelho, A. L., Vasconcelos, M., & Nascimento, O. J. (2016). 12p deletion spectrum syndrome: A new case report reinforces the evidence regarding the potential relationship to autism spectrum disorder and related developmental impairments. Molecular Cytogenetics, 9(1), 75.
Li, J., Cai, T., Jiang, Y., Chen, H., He, X., Chen, C., et al. (2016). Genes with de novo mutations are shared by four neuropsychiatric disorders discovered from NPdenovo database. Molecular Psychiatry, 21(2), 290–297.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., & Bishop, S. (2012). Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale: Modules 1 Through 4 (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Lu, G., Gurevich, I., Vo, B. T., & Chen, S. S. (2009). t(10; 12)(q24; p13) as the sole abnormality in a case with refractory acute myeloid leukemia: The first case report and literature review. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 41(4), 480–483.
Macdonald, A. H., Rodríguez, L., Aceña, I., Martínez-Fernández, M. L., Sánchez-Izquierdo, D., Zuazo, E., & Martínez-Frías, M. L. (2010). Subtelomeric deletion of 12p: Description of a third case and review. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 152(6), 1561–1566.
Madrigal, I., Martinez, M., Rodriguez-Revenga, L., Carrió, A., & Milà, M. (2012). 12p13 rearrangements: 6 Mb deletion responsible for ID/MCA and reciprocal duplication without clinical responsibility. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 158(5), 1071–1076.
Miller, D. T., Adam, M. P., Aradhya, S., Biesecker, L. G., Brothman, A. R., Carter, N. P., et al. (2010). Consensus statement: Chromosomal microarray is a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for individuals with developmental disabilities or congenital anomalies. American Journal of Human Genetics, 86(5), 749–764.
Mononen, T., Sharp, A., Laakso, M., Meltoranta, R. L., Valve-Dietz, A. K., & Heinonen, K. (2003). Partial trisomy 10q with mild phenotype caused by an unbalanced X; 10 translocation. Journal of Medical Genetics, 40(5), e61.
Moreno-De-Luca, A., Myers, S. M., Challman, T. D., Moreno-De-Luca, D., Evans, D. W., & Ledbetter, D. H. (2013). Developmental brain dysfunction: Revival and expansion of old concepts based on new genetic evidence. The Lancet Neurology, 12(4), 406–414.
Muhle, R. A., Reed, H. E., Vo, L. C., Mehta, S., McGuire, K., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., & Pedapati, E. (2017). Clinical diagnostic genetic testing for individuals with developmental disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(11), 910–913.
Nelson, H. D., Nygren, P., Walker, M., & Panoscha, R. (2006). Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: Systematic evidence review for the US preventive services task force. Pediatrics, 117(2), e298–e319.
Polyak, A., Kubina, R. M., & Girirajan, S. (2015). Comorbidity of intellectual disability confounds ascertainment of autism: Implications for genetic diagnosis. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 168(7), 600–608.
Rai, D., Heuvelman, H., Dalman, C., Culpin, I., Lundberg, M., Carpenter, P., et al. (2018). Association between autism spectrum disorders with or without intellectual disability and depression in young adulthood. JAMA Network Open, 1(4), e181465–e181465.
Ravnan, J. B., Tepperberg, J. H., Papenhausen, P., Lamb, A. N., Hedrick, J., Eash, D., et al. (2006). Subtelomere FISH analysis of 11 688 cases: An evaluation of the frequency and pattern of subtelomere rearrangements in individuals with developmental disabilities. Journal of Medical Genetics, 43(6), 478–489.
Reichenberg, A., Cederlöf, M., McMillan, A., Trzaskowski, M., Kapra, O., Fruchter, E., et al. (2016). Discontinuity in the genetic and environmental causes of the intellectual disability spectrum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(4), 1098–1103.
Ritter, D. R. (1989). Teachers’ perceptions of problem behavior in general and special education. Exceptional Children, 55(6), 559–564.
Roid, G. H. (2003). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Rooryck, C., Stef, M., Burgelin, I., Simon, D., Souakri, N., Thambo, J. B., et al. (2009). 2.3 Mb terminal deletion in 12p13. 33 associated with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and evaluation of WNT5B as a candidate gene. European Journal of Medical Genetics, 52(6), 446–449.
Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003a). Social Communication Questionnaire. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003b). ADI-R: Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sandin, S., Nygren, K. G., Iliadou, A., Hultman, C. M., & Reichenberg, A. (2013). Autism and mental retardation among offspring born after in vitro fertilization. JAMA, 310(1), 75–84.
Schaefer, G. B., & Mendelsohn, N. J. (2013). Clinical genetics evaluation in identifying the etiology of autism spectrum disorders: 2013 guideline revisions. Genetics in Medicine, 15(5), 399–407.
Shen, Y., Dies, K. A., Holm, I. A., Bridgemohan, C., Sobeih, M. M., Caronna, E. B., et al. (2010). Clinical genetic testing for patients with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 125(4), e727–e735.
Silva, I. M., Rosenfeld, J., Antoniuk, S. A., Raskin, S., & Sotomaior, V. S. (2014). A 1.5 Mb terminal deletion of 12p associated with autism spectrum disorder. Gene, 542(1), 83–86.
Strömberg, B., Dahlquist, G., Ericson, A., Finnström, O., Köster, M., & Stjernqvist, K. (2002). Neurological sequelae in children born after in-vitro fertilisation: A population-based study. The Lancet, 359(9305), 461–465.
Taylor, D. J., Davidson, J., Howie, P. W., Davidson, D., & Drillien, C. M. (1985). Do pregnancy complications contribute to neurodevelopmental disability? The Lancet, 325(8431), 713–716.
Thevenon, J., Callier, P., Andrieux, J., Delobel, B., David, A., Sukno, S., et al. (2013). 12p13. 33 microdeletion including ELKS/ERC1, a new locus associated with childhood apraxia of speech. European Journal of Human Genetics, 21(1), 82.
Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. J., van Eeten, E., Groen, W. B., Van Deurzen, P. A., Oosterling, I. J., & Van der Gaag, R. J. (2014). Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 627–635.
Vissers, L. E., Gilissen, C., & Veltman, J. A. (2016). Genetic studies in intellectual disability and related disorders. Nature Reviews Genetics, 17(1), 9–18.
Volkmar, F., Siegel, M., Woodbury-Smith, M., King, B., McCracken, J., State, M., & American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Committee on Quality Issues. (2014). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(2), 237–257.
Werner, E., Simonian, K., Bierman, J. M., & French, F. E. (1967). Cumulative effect of perinatal complications and deprived environment on physical, intellectual, and social development of preschool children. Pediatrics, 39(4), 490–505.
Williams, K. T. (2007). Expressive Vocabulary Test (2nd ed.). Bloomington: Pearson.
Wlodarska, I. (2009). t(10; 12)(q24; p13). Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, 13(9), 673–675.
Yip, B. H. K., Bai, D., Mahjani, B., Klei, L., Pawitan, Y., Hultman, C. M., et al. (2017). Heritable variation, with little or no maternal effect, accounts for recurrence risk to autism spectrum disorder in Sweden. Biological Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.007.
Ziats, M. N., & Rennert, O. M. (2016). The evolving diagnostic and genetic landscapes of autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Genetics, 7, 65.
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bauman, M. L., Choueiri, R., Kasari, C., Carter, A., Granpeesheh, D., et al. (2015). Early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder under 3 years of age: Recommendations for practice and research. Pediatrics, 136(Supplement 1), S60–S81.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful for the participation of “Elizabeth” and “Edward,” their parents, and their teachers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed for this case report involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the children included in this case report.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest. No authors are U.S. federal government employees.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Badaly, D., Heinrich, K.P., Davis, A. et al. Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning Among Fraternal Twins with an Unbalanced Translocation of Chromosomes 10q and 12p: A Case Report. J Dev Phys Disabil 31, 635–651 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-019-09665-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-019-09665-5