Journal of Cluster Science (2020) 32:1693–1699

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01937-x

The Editor-in-Chief and the Publisher have retracted this article. Following the preprint deposition of Bimler’s descriptive study [1], an investigation by the Publisher found evidence of systematic manipulation of the publication process. Recurring problems include, but are not limited to, citations which do not support claims made in the text, non-standard phrasing, anomalies in the figures and discrepancies in ethics approval statements. Based on the investigation’s findings, the Editor-in-Chief no longer has confidence in the results and conclusions of this article.

The authors have not responded to correspondence from the Editor-in-Chief/Publisher about this retraction.