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Distribution, biomass, and species composition of salps and doliolids in the Oyashio–Kuroshio transitional region: potential impact of massive bloom on the pelagic food web

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Abstract

The Oyashio–Kuroshio Transitional Region (OKTR) is a nursery ground for pelagic fishes; thus, community succession of mesozooplankton is pivotal to understand prey availability, and it subsequently affects recruitment success. We investigated the surface distribution, biomass, and species composition of thaliaceans (salps and doliolids) that potentially have a significant impact on the food web and biogeochemical cycle by forming intensive blooms. A total of 11 thaliacean species were recorded from 62 locations along two transects at 36° N and 38.5° N extending from 142° E to 180° in May to June 1993. Salps and doliolids were found at 93% and 84% of the stations, respectively, and their biomass values varied widely in space (0.00011–79.56 and 0.00001–5.11 mg C m−3 for salps and doliolids, respectively). Thalia democratica was the most dominant salp and particularly abundant at stations east of 165°E on the 36°N-line; the abundance varied from 103 to 1379 ind m−3. Dolioletta gegenbauri and Doliolum denticulatum were dominant doliolids, although their biomass values were far lower than that of salps. Multivariate statistical analysis with PRIMER revealed that the distribution of thaliaceans in the OKTR was not uniform in space and was affected by oceanographic conditions; doliolids tended to occur in much warmer (14.10–15.63 °C) and saline water mass (34.54–34.72) than salps (13.16–14.95 °C and 34.40–34.53). In terms of population clearance rates, the most dense salp blooms have the potential to sweep > 200% of their resident water per day, indicating that salp blooms cause deleterious feeding conditions for pelagic fishes through non-selective filter feeding.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the captain, crews, and scientists on board the R/V Shin-hoyo-Maru for cooperation at sea. This work was partially supported by the Fisheries Agency of Japan. We also thank H. Itoh for preliminary analysis and identification of the salps and doliolids and Mohd Noor Hafiz for producing the map and diagrams. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing. This study was performed while the lead author held the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education Postdoctoral Scholarship and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu scholarship. This study was financially supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (16H04950).

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  1. Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan

    Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak & Kazutaka Takahashi

  2. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak

  3. Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak

  4. Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shin-hamacho, Shogama, Miyagi, Japan

    Kazuaki Tadokoro, Yuji Okazaki & Shigeho Kakehi

  5. Hachinohe Station, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Same, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan

    Satoshi Suyama

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Ishak, N.H.A., Tadokoro, K., Okazaki, Y. et al. Distribution, biomass, and species composition of salps and doliolids in the Oyashio–Kuroshio transitional region: potential impact of massive bloom on the pelagic food web. J Oceanogr 76, 351–363 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-020-00549-3

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