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Flight from Unfairness: Effects of Perceived Injustice on Emotional Exhaustion and Employee Withdrawal

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine emotional mechanisms by which perceived injustice is translated into forms of employee withdrawal. Based on person–environment fit theory, we develop arguments predicting mediation between perceived justice and withdrawal by an emotional suffering syndrome and emotional exhaustion.

Design/Methodology/Approach

Survey data were provided by 437 randomly selected workers from various occupations and industries.

Findings

Using structural equation modeling, we determined that distributive and procedural justice contribute both directly and indirectly through emotional pathways to influence employee absenteeism, turnover intentions, work alienation, and self-medication with alcohol.

Implications

These results provide new insights into emotional mediation of justice/injustice effects, and extend the scope of withdrawal responses.

Originality/Value

The roles of emotions in mediating relationships between injustice and withdrawal outcomes have been largely unexamined. Our results offer significant insights into those mechanisms. We also extended the literature by examining positive and negative emotional states and four forms of withdrawal, and by demonstrating that favorable justice judgments may contribute to emotional wellness in much the same way that unfavorable justice judgments contribute to emotional suffering.

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Notes

  1. Proportions (in parentheses) of respondents who checked the following occupations: precision production/repair (0.9%); cleaner/helper/laborer (2.1%); machine operator/inspector/assembler (2.1%); transportation/material handling (3.0%); service occupation (8.4%); sales (9.3%); clerical/administrative support (13.3%); executive/administrator/manager (23.7%); and professional/specialty technical (37.0%). Proportions of respondents who checked the following industries: energy/utilities (0.7%); construction (2.8%); telecommunications/technology (6.6%); financial/real estate (8.5%); government/social services (10.4%); manufacturing (11.3%); education (11.5%); wholesale/retail sales (15.3%); personal/professional services (15.3%); and health care (17.6%).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management and Marketing, Jennings A. Jones College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA

    Larry W. Howard

  2. Department of Management, College of Business Administration, University of Miami, 5250 University Dr., Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA

    Cynthia L. Cordes

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  1. Larry W. Howard
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  2. Cynthia L. Cordes
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Correspondence to Cynthia L. Cordes.

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Received and reviewed by former editor, George Neuman.

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 Items measuring perceived procedural justice
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Table 7 Parameter estimates for the final model
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Howard, L.W., Cordes, C.L. Flight from Unfairness: Effects of Perceived Injustice on Emotional Exhaustion and Employee Withdrawal. J Bus Psychol 25, 409–428 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9158-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9158-5

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