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Psychometric Properties of the Original and Shortened Version of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory among Chinese Adolescents

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Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and its short version (YPI-S) in a sample of 2081 Chinese 11- to 19-year-old school-attending youth (M age = 14.27, SD = 1.62). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a bifactor model best fit the data at the subscale level for the YPI and at the item level for the YPI-S. The internal consistency of the YPI and YPI-S scores ranged from marginal to good. Measurement invariance testing revealed that the bifactor model of the YPI-S was equivalent across gender, while the bifactor model of the YPI showed moderate differences between boys and girls. Both the YPI and YPI-S total and factor scores were positively related to Antisocial Process Screening Device scores and Rule-Breaking and Aggressive behavior, though these relations were most often stronger for the YPI scores. In conclusion, the Chinese-language versions of the YPI and YPI-S hold promise as assessment tools to measure psychopathic traits in Chinese adolescents but are not without limitations. Whereas the YPI-S is more time-effective and yields scores that are more internally consistent than the YPI, the YPI seems to outperform the YPI-S in terms of convergent and criterion validity.

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Notes

  1. This bifactor model adds a fourth, general factor (i.e., the YPI total score) on which all observed variables load to the three-factor model. The general factor in the bifactor model captures what the items have in common and is not already captured in the specific factors. Thus, this model tests the view that each item is a measure of the general factor, and that some items in addition index other more specific constructs that are not correlated with the general factor. In contrast with the hierarchical three-factor model, the bifactor model assumes that the specific factors are not subsumed by the general factor but are uncorrelated and distinct (Pihet et al. 2014; Patrick et al. 2007).

  2. In total, 576 11–19 year old participants were recruited from school 1 [M = 15.15, SD = 1.86; 263 (46.6%) boys; 444 (97.8%) Han], and 1505 11–19 year old participants from school 2 [M = 13.95, SD = 1.40; 777 (52.4%) boys; 1428 (98.6%) Han].

  3. Skewness ranged from .26 (Impulsivity subscale) to 1.80 (Manipulation subscale) and kurtosis from .12 (Callousness subscale) to 4.25 (Manipulation subscale). In line with recommendations (Finney and DiStefano 2006), robust Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLM) was used to deal with non-normally distributed data.

  4. By means of a spreadsheet that was developed by DeCoster and Lselin (2005) and can be retrieved at: http://stat-help.com/spreadsheets.html

  5. All factor loadings for these models can be retrieved in the Appendix.

  6. These values were very similar to the findings reported by Zwaanswijk et al. (2016): ωH = .78 and ωHS = .11(GM), .26(CU) and .22(II), respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, GuangZhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China

    Meng-Cheng Wang, Qiaowen Deng, Jiaxin Deng & Haosheng Ye

  2. The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China

    Meng-Cheng Wang, Qiaowen Deng, Jiaxin Deng & Haosheng Ye

  3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center/Academic Workplace Forensic Care for Youth, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Olivier F. Colins

  4. Center for Criminological and Psychosocial Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

    Olivier F. Colins & Henrik Andershed

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This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31400904), Xinmiao project of Guangzhou University (2014–27) and Foundation of Guangzhou Shishu Gaoxiao Project (Grant No. 1201431330).

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Meng-Cheng Wang, Olivier F. Colins, Qiaowen Deng, Henrik Andershed, Jiaxin Deng, and Haosheng Ye declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Table 7 The standardized factor loadings of items for three models of YPI
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Wang, MC., Colins, O.F., Deng, Q. et al. Psychometric Properties of the Original and Shortened Version of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory among Chinese Adolescents. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 39, 620–634 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9619-5

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