Abstract
Scan-LED-technology is a new rapid prototyping technique with increasing applications in the production of custom-made medical products. The present work is dealing with the examination of a silica/urethandimethacrylate (UDMA) nanocomposite for application in scan-LED-technology. The use of specific LED in a photo-DSC unit enables the simulation of crucial parameters of nanoparticle-filled resins for their application in scan-LED-technology. The conversion of double bonds during the curing reaction and the rate of conversion were studied as a function of radiation intensity, silica nanoparticle content, and silanization of the nanoparticles with 3-methacryloyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The conversion of double bonds is increasing with increasing radiation intensity. The increasing conversion of the nanoparticle-filled resins is discussed as a combined effect of increasing nanoparticle content, alternated initiator/double bond ratio and increasing radiation intensity. A significant dependence of the reaction rate on nanoparticle content could not be found. Only for the unfilled resin, the rate was increasing at higher radiation intensities. The influence of residual solvent on conversion and rate of reaction was also analyzed. TGA measurements combined with FTIR were used to study the silanization of the nanoparticles. The silane layer thickness on the surface of the silica nanoparticles was determined.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Klare M, Lindner F, Kanzok B. Wie und wann werden Rapid-Technologien in der Medizintechnik wirtschaftlich? Neue Anwendungen und Verfahren im Dentalbereich. RTejournal—Forum für Rapid Technologie http://wwwrtejournalde/archiv/ausgabe5/1519/ [22032010] 2008;5.
Gischer F, Klare M. Grundlagen von Schichtaufbauverfahren und deren Auswirkungen auf den Dentalmarkt. Quintessenz Zahntechnik. 2009;35(9):1128–40.
Moszner N, Salz U. New developments of polymeric dental composites. Prog Polym Sci. 2001;26:535–76.
Gurr M, Hofmann D, Ehm M, Thomann YKR, Mühlhaupt R. Acrylic nanocomposite resins for use in stereolithography and structural light modulation based rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing technologies. Adv Funct Mater. 2008;18:2390–7.
Riesen R. Collected applications thermal analysis, thermosets. Mettler-Toledo AG; 2006.
Bandrup J, Immergut E. Polymer handbook. 4th ed. New York: Wiley; 1999.
Cho J-D, Ju H-T, Hong J-W. Photocuring kinetics of UV-initiated free-radiacel photopolymerizations with and without silica nanoparticles. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem. 2005;43:658–70.
Cho J-D, Ju H-T, Park Y-S, Hong J-W. Kinetics of cationic photopolymerizations of UV-curable epoxy-based SU8-negative photoresists with and without silica nanoparticles. Macromol Mater Eng. 2006;291:1155–63.
Amirouche-Korichi A, Mouzali M, Watts DC. Effects of monomer ratios and highly radiopaque fillers on degree of conversion and shrinkage-strain of dental resin composites. Dent Mater. 2009;25:1411–8.
Halvorson RH, Erickson RL, Davidson CL. The effect of filler and silane content on conversion of resin-based composite. Dent Mater. 2003;19:327–33.
Andrzejewska E. Photopolymerization kinetics of multifunctional monomers. Prog Polym Sci. 2001;26:605–65.
Maffezzoli A, Terzi R. Effect of irradiation intensity on the isothermal photopolymerization kinetics of acrylic resins for stereolithography. Thermochim Acta. 1998;321:111–21.
Lovell LG, Newman SM, Bowman CN. The effects of light intensity, temperature, and comonomer composition on the polymerization behavior of dimethacrylate dental resins. J Dent Res. 1999;78(8):1469–76.
Sideridou ID, Karabela MM. Effect of the amount of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling agent on physical properties of dental resin nanocomposites. Dent Mater. 2009;25(11):1315–24.
Liu Q, Chambers DE, Debnath S, Wunder SL, Baran GR. Filler-coupling agent-matrix interactions in silica/polymethylmethacrylate composites. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;57:384–93.
Beckmann D. Einfluss unterschiedlicher SiO2-Füllstoffgrößenverteilungen auf die thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften lichthärtender. Dentalcomposite Thesis, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück; 2007.
Debnath S, Wunder SL, McCool JI, Baran GR. Silane treatment effects on glass/resin interfacial shear strengths. Dent Mater. 2003;19:441–8.
Wilson KS, Zhang K, Antonucci JM. Systematic variation of interfacial phase reactivity in dental nanocomposites. Biomaterials. 2005;26:5095–103.
Acknowledgment
The authors thank Philip Hoarau, PHIDIAS Technologies for donating the irradiation source.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolb, E., Kummerlöwe, C. & Klare, M. Characterization of a nanoparticle-filled resin for application in scan-LED-technology. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 2165 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4411-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4411-7