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I–V study of PANI and CdO nano-composite mixture for low-voltage varistors

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Abstract

In the paperwork, Polyaniline (PANI) and Cadmium Oxide (CdO) nano-powders were synthesised using oxidative polymerisation and sol–gel auto-combustion methods, respectively. The samples were studied with varying compositions; PC1 [PANI, 1:0], PC2 [PANI + CdO, 1:1], PC3 [PANI + CdO, 1:2], and PC4 [CdO, 0:1]. There was a steady growth observed in the values for the current–voltage (I–V) plot and these were obtained in the small-scale voltage range, which implied its application areas in lower-voltage varistor industries. Varistors act as surge suppressors that protects the circuits against excessive transient voltages safeguarding the devices and appliances. Varistor market has seen a rise in the demand for metal oxide varistors (MOV) that are eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable. Furthermore, the necessity to obtain efficient and quality varistor has led to the need of the development of advanced technologies for their fabrications, such as blockchain, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). These technologies are being used to develop varistors that are capable of surpassing the already existing conventional varistors. The said market also deals with essential properties, such as size, scope, share, potential prospects, and growth of the varistor industry.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. If any raw data files are needed in another format they are made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are immensely appreciative for offering the assistance to ‘Materials Research Centre (MRC) and Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India’ for supplying the characterisation results for Raman Spectroscopy and ‘Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Lovely Professional University (LPU), Phagwara, India’ for helping with the characterisation results for Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX).

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Mehar J. Panesar & A. K. Srivastava

  2. Department of Nano Sciences & Materials, Central University of Jammu, Rahya-Suchani (Bagla), Samba, Jammu, 181143, India

    Pragati Kumar

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, analysis, and theoretical discussions were performed by Mehar Jyoti Panesar. The supervision and proof reading were done by A.K. Srivastava. The current–voltage data were provided by Pragati Kumar. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mehar Jyoti Panesar and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to A. K. Srivastava.

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Panesar, M.J., Kumar, P. & Srivastava, A.K. I–V study of PANI and CdO nano-composite mixture for low-voltage varistors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 792 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12534-3

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