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Zinc oxide thin films deposited by sol–gel spin-coating technique for propane and carbon monoxide sensing applications

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Abstract

Undoped zinc oxide (ZnO) films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by utilizing sol–gel spin coating method. Zinc acetate dihydrate, 2-metoxietanol and monoethanolamine were used as precursor, solvent and surfactant, respectively. XRD analysis confirms the ZnO wurtzite structure with (002) as the preferential orientation. SEM studies show the formation of porous and spherical grains with a grain size distribution from 20 to 60 nm. Raman spectroscopy confirms the crystallization and structural disorder of all ZnO sensors. Sensing responses of all ZnO films were obtained for both carbon monoxide (CO) and propane (C3H8) gases at different gas concentrations and operating temperatures. The highest sensing responses of ~ 35 and ~ 1400 were obtained for films deposited at 4000 rpm and exposed a CO and C3H8, respectively. The behavior of sensing responses is explained in detail based on the structural and morphological properties and the improvement in the structural properties and sensing responses is explained based on the spin coater rotation speed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Karina Aleman, Lizzeth Martinez for providing the space for spin coating, Emma Luna—Arredondo for solution preparation, A. Tavira-Fuentes for XRD and the technical assistance for sensing by Miguel Ángel Luna. Finally. This work was supported by PRODEP.

Funding

This work was supported by the Programa de Mejoramiento del Profesorado from the Secretaria de Educación Pública México, PROMEP/103.5/11/0144.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela Superior de Tepeji del Río, Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Segunda Sección, Avenida del Maestro No. 41 Colonia Noxtongo, 42855, Tepeji del Río, Hidalgo, México

    Stephani Monserrat Rojano Chávez & Lizeth Martínez Ayala

  2. SEES, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07000, Mexico City, México

    Arturo Maldonado

  3. Department of Mechanics and Advanced Materials, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, State of Mexico Campus, México

    Tangirala Venkata Krishna Karthik

  4. Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 56092, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México

    Heberto Gómez-Pozos

Authors
  1. Stephani Monserrat Rojano Chávez
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  2. Lizeth Martínez Ayala
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Contributions

All authors participated in the analysis of the study. Stephani Riojano performed SEM and XRD calculations, Tangirala Venkata Krishna Karthik contributed to Raman analysis, Lizzeth Martinez and Arturo Maldonado conducted analysis, provided English revision, and finalized the manuscript. Heberto Gomez played a key role in the overall design of the research, contributed to the analysis and interpretation of XRD, SEM, gas sensing response and participated in finalizing the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Heberto Gómez-Pozos.

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Rojano Chávez, S.M., Ayala, L.M., Karthik, T.V.K. et al. Zinc oxide thin films deposited by sol–gel spin-coating technique for propane and carbon monoxide sensing applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 797 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12502-x

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