Abstract
A novel flexible sodium metal anodes were designed and fabricated via composite gold nanoparticles with N-doped carbon nanorods on carbon cloths. As-prepared anodes exhibit low overpotential and stable sodium plating/stripping over 800 h with superior reversibility at 5.0 mA cm−2. The flexible full batteries with NaVPO4F cathode are further assembled. The flexible batteries can deliver good cycle stability even under various bending angels and display excellent rate ability.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data needed to support the findings are available within the article and raw data could be reproduced upon reasonable request.
References
J. Huang, K. Wu, G. Xu, M. Wu, S. Dou, C. Wu, Recent progress and strategic perspectives of inorganic solid electrolytes: fundamentals, modifications, and applications in sodium metal batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 52, 4933–4995 (2023)
B. Sun, P. Xiong, U. Maitra, D. Langsdorf, K. Yan, C. Wang, J. Janek, D. Schröder, G. Wang, Design strategies to enable the efficient use of sodium metal anodes in high-energy batteries. Adv. Mater. 32(18), 1903891 (2020)
Z.M. Oktay, Y. Onal, T. Depci, S. Altundag, S. Altin, S. Yaşar, E. Altin, Investigation of electrochemical performance of Na-ion batteries by hard carbon anodes produced by biomass of Prunus armeniaca seeds. J. Mater. Sci. 34, 1543 (2023)
Y. Dong, P. Wen, H. Shi, Y. Yu, Z.S. Wu, Solid-state electrolytes for sodium metal batteries: recent status and future opportunities. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(33), 2213584 (2023)
Z. Li, K. Zhu, P. Liu, L. Jiao, 3D confinement strategy for dendrite-free sodium metal batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 12(4), 2100359 (2022)
Q. Lu, X. Wang, A. Omar, D. Mikhailova, 3D Ni/Na metal anode for improved sodium metal batteries. Mater. Lett. 275, 128206 (2020)
Y. Xu, C. Wang, E. Matios, J. Luo, X. Hu, Q. Yue, Y. Kang, W. Li, Sodium deposition with a controlled location and orientation for dendrite-free sodium metal batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 10(44), 2002308 (2020)
D. Xu, D. Chao, H. Wang, Y. Gong, R. Wang, B. He, X. Hu, H. Fan, Flexible quasi-solid-state sodium-ion capacitors developed using 2D metal-organic-framework array as reactor. Adv. Energy Mater. 8(13), 1702769 (2018)
Z. Xu, Z. Guo, R. Madhu, F. Xie, R. Chen, J. Wang, M. Tebyetekerwa, Y. Hu, M. Titirici, Homogenous metallic deposition regulated by defect-rich skeletons for sodium metal batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 14(12), 6381–6393 (2021)
L. Zhao, Z. Hu, Z. Huang, Y. Tao, W. Lai, A. Zhao, Q. Liu, J. Peng, Y. Lei, Y. Wang, Y. Cao, C. Wu, S. Chou, H. Liu, S. Dou, In situ plating of Mg sodiophilic seeds and evolving sodium fluoride protective layers for superior sodium metal anodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 12(32), 2200990 (2022)
Y. Liu, H. Wang, H. Yang, Z. Wang, Z. Huang, D. Pan, Z. Zhang, Z. Duan, T. Xu, D. Kong, X. Li, Y. Wang, J. Sun, Longevous sodium metal anodes with high areal capacity enabled by 3D-printed sodiophilic monoliths. ACS Nano. 17, 10844–10856 (2023)
X. Li, W. Ye, P. Xu, H. Huang, J. Fan, R. Yuan, M. Zheng, M. Wang, Q. Dong, An encapsulation-based sodium storage via Zn-single-atom implanted carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 34(31), 2202898 (2022)
H. Yang, L. Zhang, H. Wang, S. Huang, T. Xu, D. Kong, Z. Zhang, J. Zang, X. Li, Y. Wang, Regulating Na deposition by constructing an Au sodiophilic interphase on CNT modified carbon cloth for flexible sodium metal anode. J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 611, 317–326 (2022)
Z. Li, H. Qin, W. Tian, L. Miao, K. Cao, Y. Si, H. Li, Q. Wang, L. Jiao, 3D Sb-based composite framework with gradient sodiophilicity for ultra-stable sodium metal anodes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(33), 2301554 (2023)
G. Yang, N. Li, C. Sun, High-performance sodium metal batteries with sodium-bismuth alloy anode. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3(12), 12607–12612 (2020)
G. Wang, F. Yu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhu, G. Xu, M. Wu, H. Liu, S. Dou, C. Wu, 2D Sn/C freestanding frameworks as a robust nucleation layer for highly stable sodium metal anodes with a high utilization. Nano Energy. 79, 105457 (2021)
A. Villa, N. Dimitratos, C. Chan-Thaw, C. Hammond, G. Veith, D. Wang, M. Manzoli, L. Prati, G. Hutchings, Characterisation of gold catalysts. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45(18), 4953–4994 (2016)
H. Wang, T. Jiang, B. Wang, L. Zhang, D. Kong, T. Xu, J. Zang, Z. Zhang, X. Li, Y. Wang, Sodiophilic Au/reduced-graphene-oxide for dendrite free sodium metal anode. J. Power. Sources 507, 230294 (2021)
Z. Huang, Z. Wang, B. Tian, T. Xu, C. Ma, Z. Zhang, J. Zang, D. Kong, X. Li, Y. Wang, Three-dimensional Au/carbon nanotube-graphene foam hybrid nanostructure for dendrite free sodium metal anode with long cycle stability. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 118, 199–207 (2022)
X. Ma, N. Li, S. Liu, K. Zhang, C. Chi, J. Zhao, X. Liu, Y. Li, Pyrrolic nitrogen-doped carbon sandwiched monolayer MoS2 vertically anchored on graphene oxide for high-performance sodium-ion battery anodes. J. Solid State Electrochem. 22, 2801–2809 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant Nos. ZR2021QB154 and ZR2021QB199), the Science and Technology Program of Dezhou (Grant Nos. 2022dzkj084 and 2022dzkj085), the Scientific Research Allowance of Dezhou University (Grant Nos. 2020xjrc211 and 2020xjrc212), the Experimental Technology Project of Dezhou University (Grant Nos. SYJS21019 and SYJS22007), and the Technical Development Project (Grant Nos. HXKT2022170, HXKT2022251, and HXKT2023079).
Funding
Funding was provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2021QB154) and Dezhou University (Grant Nos. 2022dzkj085, 2020xjrc211, 2020xjrc212, SYJS21019, SYJS22007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
YSW contributed to data curation, formal analysis, and visualization. KZ contributed to conceptualization, data curation, resources, supervision, writing of the original draft. QWT contributed to formal analysis. CXL contributed to validation. WNY contributed to formal analysis. CHL contributed to data curation and resources. ZHZ contributed to validation. XXM contributed to conceptualization, funding acquisition, and supervision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary file2 (MP4 4030 KB)
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Zhang, K., Tang, Q. et al. Au nanoparticles on N-doped carbon modified carbon cloth for flexible sodium metal batteries. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 498 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12245-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12245-9