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Nb2O5 and AlNbO4 coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of niobium: synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity

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Abstract

This study describes the formation of efficient photocatalysts on a niobium substrate using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline electrolyte both with and without the addition of NaAlO2. The process of PEO was analyzed by using optical emission spectroscopy and real-time imaging. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence were used to characterize the formed photocatalysts. Photodegradation experiments in an aqueous solution of methyl orange were conducted to assess the photocatalytic activity (PA) of formed coatings. The PA of Nb2O5 coatings generated in pure alkaline electrolytes was found to be lower than that of AlNbO4 coatings formed in alkaline electrolytes with added NaAlO2. The significant PA of both Nb2O5 and AlNbO4 coatings, due to their strong ultraviolet absorption, was associated with high concentrations of oxygen vacancy. After 8 h of irradiation, the PA for AlNbO4 coating formed after 15 min in an alkaline electrolyte with 2 g/L NaAlO2 reached around 81%. Furthermore, the study revealed that by adding ZnO and Eu2O3 particles into the alkaline electrolyte with + 2 g/L NaAlO2, coatings such as AlNbO4/ZnO and AlNbO4:Eu3+/Eu2+ with improved PA comparing to AlNbO4 alone could be produced.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant Nos. 451-03-47/2023-01/200162 and 451-03-68/2023-14/200026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia

    Stevan Stojadinović & Mladen Perković

  2. Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia

    Stevan Stojadinović

  3. IChTM-Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nenad Radić

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Stevan Stojadinović: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. Nenad Radić: Investigation. Mladen Perković: Investigation.

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Correspondence to Stevan Stojadinović.

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Stojadinović, S., Radić, N. & Perković, M. Nb2O5 and AlNbO4 coatings formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation of niobium: synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 410 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12168-5

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