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Adsorptive separation of food and textile dyes from aqueous solution by SBA-15 supported polyaniline/polypyrrole composite: isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics and recyclability study

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Abstract

The copolymerization of aniline and pyrrole in the presence of SBA-15 resulted in the formation of the SBA-15/PANI/PPy composite. Low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis were used to characterize the materials. The effects of pH, adsorbent amount, dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the removal of sunset yellow, indigo carmine, titan yellow and orange G dyes from aqueous solutions were investigated using adsorption techniques. From the low-angle XRD analysis, the peaks confirm the formation of a mesoporous SBA-15 (p6mm, hexagonal) structure. From FT-IR analysis, the peaks at 1568, 1492 and 1399 cm−1 are attributed to the C=C pyrrole ring and C–N stretching vibrations of aniline. The FESEM image of SBA-15 reveals that the structure exhibits a worm-like, folded morphology. The HRTEM image of the SBA-15/PANI/PPy composite showed that the mesopores are arranged in an orderly manner. Additionally, there are dark spots on it as a result of the polypyrrole and polyaniline being present. All of the dyes were removed with efficiency higher than 95%. The isotherm was confirmed to match the Langmuir isotherm model because the R2 value for all dyes was greater than 0.99. Sunset yellow, indigo carmine, titan yellow, and orange G had maximum adsorption capacities of 476.19, 384.61, 500.00 and 625.00 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model and the R2 value for all dyes was greater than 0.99. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° all had negative values, indicating that the adsorption was spontaneous, decreased entropy, and exothermic. For five cycles, the SBA-15/PANI/PPy composite showed a 95% removal efficiency of dyes. Therefore, the prepared adsorbent can be used to clean industrial effluents that contain dyes.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this manuscript.

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Funding

The authors gratefully thank financial support from RUSA 2.0, India, Ref: No. C3/RI&QI/RUSA 2.0/Theme-2 Project/Award/2021/032 dt.:03.02.2021 (University of Madras).

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, 600025, India

    S. Prashanna Suvaitha & K. Venkatachalam

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PSS had done the methodology part, formal analysis, investigation, and writing original draft preparation. VK had done the supervision, project administration and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to K. Venkatachalam.

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Suvaitha, S.P., Venkatachalam, K. Adsorptive separation of food and textile dyes from aqueous solution by SBA-15 supported polyaniline/polypyrrole composite: isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics and recyclability study. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 94 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11839-z

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