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Composite of Natural Polymers and Their Adsorbent Properties on the Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions

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Abstract

Natural polymers such as chitosan, chitin, cellulose, alginate, pectin, and lignin produced by renewable organic resources are regarded as greener, sustainable, and eco-friendly materials. On account of their superior structural characteristics, abundant availability, nontoxicity, and ease of modification these naturel polymers are being used in the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions which can be carcinogenic, mutagenic, allergenic and toxic. However, to remove these contaminants, there are still challenges as pure natural polymers suffer from low surface area, low recovery and more solubility in water. Chemical modifications that lead to natural polymer composite formations have attracted much interest since the feauters they posses such as higher surface areas, porosities, reactivities as well as less solubility in water. In other words, natural polymer composites have better adsorption capacities towards dyes and heavy metal ions compared to the pure natural polymers. This review summarizes the appropriate literatures corresponding to the studies which include the applications of natural polymer composites for the removal of dyes and heavy metal ions in the last few years. A series of low cost natural polymer composites have been reviewed for their adsorption performance, adsorption mechanism, reusable feature, and the experimental conditions such as solution pH, contact time, dose amount, temperature.

Graphic Abstract

The NH2, COO−, OH, and NHCOOCH3 groups on polysaccharide composites behaved as effective sites for dyes and heavy metal capture.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gizem Özge Kayan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey

    Asgar Kayan

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  1. Gizem Özge Kayan
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  2. Asgar Kayan
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Contributions

AK and GÖK contributed to the study conception and design. Both authors had the idea for the article. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by both of them. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AK but two authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The graphical abstract and figures were drawn by both authors. Two authors read and approved the final manuscript. Each author has 50% contribution.

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Correspondence to Asgar Kayan.

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Kayan, G.Ö., Kayan, A. Composite of Natural Polymers and Their Adsorbent Properties on the Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions. J Polym Environ 29, 3477–3496 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02154-x

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