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Spray-pyrolyzed rare-earth dysprosium-doped SnO2 thin films for plausible photocatalytic application

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Abstract

Rare-earth element dysprosium (Dy)-doped SnO2 plays a crucial role in optoelectronics due to its tunable emission property in the visible region. Using simple spray pyrolysis process, trivalent rare-earth Dy (0–5 wt%) is successfully incorporated into the SnO2 lattice as Dy-doped SnO2 (DTO) thin films. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the films are considerably textured. Binding energy and elemental charge state are explored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Optical transmittance of 88.17% and band gap of 3.99 eV is observed for 2 wt% Dy-doped (DTO2) film. Among all the doped films, DTO2 film shows higher hydrophilicity (contact angle 70.7°) due to higher surface roughness (5.71 nm), which is beneficial for photocatalytic activity. The DTO2 film also shows highest carrier concentration (1.8 × 1019 cm−3) and electrical conductivity (3.19 Scm−1). Although, the electrical sheet resistance of the DTO films is high, it can be fine-tuned by further careful optimization of several deposition and/or doping parameters. It is observed that 2 wt% Dy doping into the SnO2 lattice aids the tunability of its optical and electrical properties according to device requirements. Photocatalytic activity of all the spray-pyrolyzed thin films is investigated by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye. The degradation efficiency is found to be highest for DTO2 film (~ 86% for 240 min) under visible LED light irradiation supported by a defect mediated mechanism.

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  1. Jean Maria Fernandes and Reddivari Muniramaiah have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India

    Jean Maria Fernandes, Reddivari Muniramaiah, Gouranga Maharana, S. Y. Janbandhu, Yuvashree Jayavelu & D. Paul Joseph

  2. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, 575025, India

    Jean Maria Fernandes

  3. Department of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Nagpur, 441108, India

    S. Y. Janbandhu

  4. Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India

    M. Kovendhan

  5. Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    C. Venkateswaran

  6. Department of Physics, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    S. Sambasivam

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DPJ and MK: Conceptualization, formal analysis, supervision, validation; CV: Review, funding and resources, validation; JMF and RM: Planning, investigation, acquisition, analysis, original draft, review & editing; GM, SYJ, YJ and SS: Acquisition, review & editing, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, software.

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Fernandes, J.M., Muniramaiah, R., Maharana, G. et al. Spray-pyrolyzed rare-earth dysprosium-doped SnO2 thin films for plausible photocatalytic application. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2131 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11459-7

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